Межзаводское кооперирование при производстве танка Т-34 на заводе «Красное Сормово» в 1941 году: планы и реальность

Abstract

The cooperation of “Krasnoe Sormovo” plant with other plants of Gorky region during production of T-34 tank has been considered in the article. In summer of 1941, after beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet leadership began to create a tank industry at the eastern industrial bases of the USSR. The State Defense Committee ordered the creation of a tank production in Gorky region. Machine-building Plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) began the assembling of medium tanks. Metallurgical enterprises of Gorky region produced armor for the tanks, Gorky Automobile Plant manufactured engines and other machine-building plants of the region produced various units. The process of organizing tank production at plant No. 112 during the Great Patriotic War is broadly covered in historiography, but the problems of external cooperation of tank construction have been studied poorly. The factories participated in the cooperation during production of T-34 tank have been revealed on the basis of the archival documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the State SocioPolitical Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In the process of studying archival materials, we found that by the end of 1941 the production center for manufacturing T-34 medium tanks was established on the territory of Gorky region. This center consisted of factories of the People's Commissariat of the Tank Industry of the USSR and other factories. In Gorky region cooperative relations were established for the supply of components of the tank. However, the task set in July 1941 to create a completely independent tank production center in the Gorky region turned out to be unrealizable. The search for manufacturers of some of the most important units for the T-34 was completed for a long time. The regional industry was unable to fully provide the tank production of plant No. 112 with armor and engines. All the war years the Sormovsky plant directly depended on the supply of these products from other regions of the USSR.