АРХІТЕКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МАЛОПОВЕРХОВОЇ ТИПОВОЇ ЖИТЛОВОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ 1939-1955-Х РОКІВ

Abstract

Architectural features of typical low-rise residential buildings in the period 1939-1955 in ukraine are considered. It was noted that it was at this time that the mass construction of housing for the population in Ukraine was actively developing during industrialization, consolidation of villages (creation of «agricultural towns») and post-war reconstruction. Such typical housing was characteristic of many cities and towns during these years and reflected the spirit and needs of the time. After the war, the main emphasis was placed on the restoration of damaged buildings and on the construction of temporary wooden housing facilities for industrial workers. However, already in the mid-1950s, the construction of low-rise residential complexes developed, which was financed by industrial enterprises and other organizations. A study of archival materials on this topic was conducted, the architectural style, materials, constructions of buildings of that period were considered. Examples of existing residential buildings of the 1940s to the 1950s in Lviv and the Lviv region are presented. The planning of typical housing after the Second World War in Ukraine was based on several general principles aimed at restoring the housing stock, providing comfortable conditions for residents and rational use of available resources. The importance of modernizing such buildings in order to improve their functionality and energy efficiency was noted. Useful in this matter is the use of foreign practice, where extensive experience in the reconstruction of existing buildings built according to standard projects has been accumulated. Especially important for Ukraine are the methods and principles of renewal of urban residential buildings, which were developed in the countries of Eastern Europe, there are state reconstruction programs that provide for the allocation of state subsidies and special credit terms for their implementation.