Политика украинизации на Юге России в 1920-е – начале 1930-х годов: некоторые сравнительные аспекты

Abstract

The main directions of Ukrainization policy in the South of Russia in the 1920s and 1930s are analyzed. Key attention is paid to the specifics of Ukrainization in the sub-regional context. Common and distinctive features of the policy of Ukrainization in the Don, Kuban, Stavropol, Terek and Black sea regions are revealed. The factors that influenced the specifics of its implementation are highlighted, in particular, the ethnosocial and cultural structure of the East Slavic population, the level of motivation of party and Soviet employees, the availability of qualified personnel and the development of professional education in the Ukrainian language. It is emphasized that the policy of Ukrainization in the South of Russia was asynchronous and uneven. It is shown that the center of Ukrainization was Kuban, first of all the Kuban district, where Ukrainization proceeded most dynamically and successfully. It was possible due to a complex of factors, primarily the proximity of the Kuban population to the Ukrainian cultural and language norm. The cultural and linguistic synchronicity of the Kuban Cossack and peasant population was an important aspect. On the contrary, on the Don, in addition to social contradictions, ethnic and cultural differences between Cossacks and peasants persisted, a significant part of which had little Russian origin. It is noted that the least results of the policy of Ukrainiza-tion reached in Stavropol and Terek, where the little Russian population was almost assimilated with Russian peasants and Cossacks. Attention is drawn to the fact that the policy of Ukrainization was an integral part of national construction in the East Slavic environment. It is emphasized that despite the sub-regional ethnic and cultural specifics in the South of Russia and the different dynamics of Ukrainization, the vast majority of the population under Ukrainization had a “floating” Russian-Ukrainian identity.