К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ПОДЗЕМНОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ХРИСТИАНСТВА

Abstract

Underground architecture, spiritually and historically connected with Christianity, is of undoubted interest for research. This trend in architecture forms a number of distinctive typological groups. objects associated with Christian shrines dating back to the first centuries of the new era are among them. Underground architecture includes individual cave temples, martyrias, large monastic complexes, objects that combine secular and liturgical orientation. Crypts and temple subfloors correspond to the subject under consideration. Despite the evidence of significant spiritual, construction and technological limitations, there is considerable freedom in the layout of liturgical spaces in the architecture of underground churches. Many objects belonging to the pre-iconoclastic period or to the synodal period of the Russian Church are compositional solutions and their ideological and symbolic justifications that are not found in aboveground churches. Combining the typological groups of the underground architecture of Christianity into a holistic study seems fruitful for understanding the origins and developing the principles of the development of a unique and little-known component of temple architecture. In this article, authors substantiate the relevance of a comprehensive analysis of the underground architecture of Christianity. Authors have determined the purpose of the study – the study of theoretical and theological foundations and the development of a methodology for the modern development of the tradition of underground architecture of Christianity. The purpose of our work is structured into logically related groups of local tasks. The research methodology is based on a theological approach that justifies architectural and compositional features based on historical, theological and practical liturgical positions.