Мониторинг болезней на сортах подсолнечника селекции ВНИИМК

Abstract

We observed the diseases in crops of oil and confectionary sunflower in the environments of the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2018–2020. There are prevailed in crops: bacterial diseases (Xanhomonas, Pseudomonas, Pectobacterium, Rhizobium), dry rot (Rhizopus Ehrenb.), rust (Puccinia helianthi Schw.) and Alternaria blight (Alternaria Nees.). The strongest bacterial blight was observed on confectionary sunflower varieties (up to 72.5%) in 2020. Frequency of dry rot varied depending on the weather conditions of a year: on oil sunflower varieties from 10.0 to 64.0%, on confectionary varieties – from 4.5 to 55%. In recent years rust infection is increased significantly. Frequency of this disease varied from 10 to 64.8% on confectionary sunflower varieties. Rust prevalence on oil sunflower varieties is from 0 to 17.5%. Alternaria blight infection was more on confectionary varieties Karavan (40%) and Conditer (42.5%). Prevalence of the dangerous quarantine disease phomopsis (Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet.) was insufficient in the years of the research and varied from 0 to 3.7% at the level of infection intensiveness of sunflower plants 0–4 scores due to 4-score scale.