Abstract
超重力显著增大两相间的重力差,可用于加速固-液、液-液、液-气高温粘淍混和体的相分离速度;超重力具有定向性,避免搅拌等技术产生的熔体湍流返混,可用于深度脱除金属液中细小夹杂物;超重力条件下固-液界面张力微不足道,可容易实现微孔渗流;超重力条件下进行结晶凝固,按结晶顺序实现固-液分离,可用于制备梯度材料;超重力加速固-液分离,可细化凝固组织晶粒,但对非共晶熔体也易产生宏观偏析。将超重力技术应用于冶金及材料生产过程中,有望解决高温冶金和材料制备的一些难题,如复杂矿冶金渣有价组分的分离提取、冶炼渣中金属液的分离回收、多金属的熔析结晶分离、复杂矿直接还原铁的渣-金分离;在高端金属材料方面,应用超重力技术,有望解决近零夹物金属材料的精炼除杂难题,提高梯度功能材料、金属-陶瓷复合材料、多孔金属材料、器件材料表面电沉积修饰的制造水平。此外,在材料科学研究方面,超重力凝固可作为一种材料基因组高通量制备方法。
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