Рецидивы приступов у пациентов с фокальной эпилепсией

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic non-communicable disease of the brain that affects people of all ages. It is diagnosed in 2.4 million people annually. Epilepsy includes focal seizures that are more common than generalized ones. The incidence of focal epilepsy in the population reaches 0.5– 0.8%. Resistant types account for approximately 30% of all epilepsy forms, especially in patients with focal seizures. Thereby, the main task of epilepsy treatment is to control seizures. Patients with a newly diagnosed focal epilepsy in 55–68% of cases achieve long-term remission of seizures. Adding that, there is a spontaneous remission of untreated epilepsy considered a common event. The article gives the following negative prognostic factors: onset with seizure clusters, high disease duration, multiple treatment attempts, high frequency of seizures and incompetence, cognitive impairment. The article also presents the following treatment efficacy predictors of focal epilepsy: low frequency of seizures, short disease duration, pathological activity absence on the EEG, isolated generalized seizures. Predictors of recurrent seizures include pathological changes on the EEG, family history of seizures, established etiology of seizures and nocturnal seizures. KEYWORDS: epilepsy, relapses, predictors, factors, prognosis, remission, treatment, efficacy. FOR CITATION: Sandu E.A., Firsov K.V., Frolova V.M., Kotov A.S. Recurrent seizures in patients with focal epilepsy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):654–658 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-654-658.