СОСТОЯНИЕ И ОЦЕНКА МЕЛИОРИРОВАННЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Purpose: assessment of the qualitative and quantitative state of reclaimed lands in Rostov region in dynamics according to the reclamation cadastre data for planning the main measures for their improvement. Materials and methods. The methodological basis for the assessment is the regulatory and technical materials of regime observations of Rostov hydrogeological and reclamation party – a branch of the “Rostovmeliovodkhoz” Department for basic indicators in accordance with the methodological guidelines and regulatory documents of All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrotechnics and Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov and the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems in the field of soil fertility control of irrigated lands. Results. In 2020 in Rostov region the area of land with an unfavorable ameliorative condition was more than 17.4 %, which reduces their productivity and the return of invested resources according to various indicators. A positive trend in the decrease in the area of land with an unfavorable reclamation condition from 23.3 % of the total area of irrigated agricultural land to 17.7 % was noted. When the groundwater level drops from 1 to 5 m, the coefficient of variation of irrigated areas decreases from 22.2 to 1.39. Conclusions. The comparative assessment of the main agroecological and productive indicators using reduction coefficients and points for negative soil properties for the period 2005–2020 made it possible to identify a positive trend in terms of soil bonitet, soil-ecological index, bioclimatic potential and efficiency of irrigated land use in terms of actual yield.