｢きく｣의 수동 ｢きかれる｣에 관한 소고

Abstract

In this study, the usage of ‘Kikareru’, the passive for a) the two􋹲term verb ‘Kiku’ (‘to listen’) in the form of ‘を’ object and b) the three􋹲term verb ‘Kiku’ (‘to ask’) which requires both ‘を’ and ‘に’ objects, was examined. ‘Kiku’ (‘listen’) appears either directly or indirectly in the sentence, depending on the subject of ‘Kiku’ and the object taken by ‘を’. ‘Kiku’, which is similar to the first person or is the subject of an unspecified majority, and which takes an object related to an ‘opinion’ that has undergone a thought process such as ‘声’ or ‘発言’, appears in the sentence as a direct passive ‘Kikareru’ of an inanimate subject. If ‘Kiku’ has the first person subject and an object related to a simple sound, it will not be a passive sentence, and ‘Kikoeru’ will be used instead. On the other hand, ‘Kiku’, which has an object of ‘(噂/内緒/(人が聞いて)困る)’ in the third person subject, appears indirectly and passively, showing the nuance of ‘disturbance/annoyance’. It becomes an expression that contrasts with ‘きいてもらう’ which conveys the nuances of ‘grace/favor’ by targeting words such as ‘悩み/わがまま/相談事としての話’. Adding to this, in Japanese, the third person subject ‘kiku’ (‘listen’) appears frequently in the sentence in the form of such indirect passive. In the case of Korean, direct passive has the same syntax as in Japanese, but indirect passive would not make sense at all, so the active sentence in the form of ‘listen’ is used instead; an appropriate education on such differences between the two languages is thus necessary. ‘Kiku’ (‘to ask’) appears in sentences in the form of direct passive or owner’s passive. Particularly in the case of direct passive, it is important to pay attention to which one between the indirect object of ‘に’ and the direct object of ‘を’ becomes the subject of the passive. In the case of the first􋹲person subject, active sentence in the form of ‘Kiku’ is often employed as it is, but in the case of the third􋹲person subject, direct passive is used with the indirect object of the case ‘に’ as the subject because it includes ‘kiku’ with collocations, such as ‘道を聞く’. In a lot of sentences, ‘Kikareru’ appears in the form of such phrase. There are rare cases in which ‘Kiku’ of the second and third person subject is used as a direct passive with a direct object of the ‘を’ case, but practically it appears in such sentences as ‘私に きかれても’ with the subject and action owner omitted. In addition to this, the third person subject ‘kiku’ is sometimes used as the owner's passive, often when collocation is used, such as ‘(私の)名前を聞く’. In the case of Korean, it is acceptable to write the owner's passive in the same form as in Japanese. However, unlike Japanese, the direct passive is an expression that is difficult to understand for Koreans because active sentences are often used.