대몽골국 성립 전후 동유라시아의 직물(織物) 유통

Abstract

Nomads living in the northern part of eastern Eurasia, that is, the Mongolian plateau, made up for some of their scarce economic power through hunting and fishing activities while making a living on nomadic mainly based on five animals. Therefore, the economic structure of nomadic state was relatively simple, and for this reason, they were active in exchanging goods between surrounding oasis cities and agricultural areas.
 In this article, before and after the establishment of Yeke Mongγul Ulus, textiles distributed in the Mongolian plateau classified according to materials such as wool, silk fabric, and cotton fabric in various ways such as looting, tribute, and exchange. Looking at the historical records, most of the textiles distributed in the Mongolian plateau before the establishment of Yeke Mongγul Ulus were fur. In addition, several fabrics are mentioned, such as pearl[golden thread] blankets and gold leafed silk. These items were looted from Tatar tribe in the eastern Mongolian plateau, but it is highly likely that they were introduced from the outside settlement area(Jin Dynasty) before then.
 After establishing Yeke Mongγul Ulus, Chinggis qan tried to stably secure goods produced or distributed in the region through exchanges with the outside world. As a result, various goods and commodities were distributed in the Mongolian plateau centered on Qaraqorum. In particular, after expedition in Central asia, inexpensive and colorful textiles such as golden silk(金緞), unrefined golden silk(渾金緞), golden thread textiles(金絲織物), Zandanīchī, and cotton constantly flowed into the Mongolian plateau.
 Eventually, Chinggis qan integrated nomads and enabled nomads in the Mongolian plateau to stably obtain necessary goods through exchanges with surrounding settlement areas. As a result, long-distance traders flocked to the Mongolian plateau more actively to ensure safety and gain economic benefits under the rule of Yeke Mongγul Ulus. During the Ögüdei qa’an(who succeeded Chinggis qan) period, more diverse foreigners flocked to Qaraqorum(the capital of Yeke Mongγul Ulus) through the postal system(驛站, ǰamči).