중세 동슬라브 문화권에서의 인쇄의 시작과 그 의의

Abstract

In this article, we will pay attention to a man named Ivan Feyodorov (Иван Фёдоров; ок.1510-1583) called “the first Russian book-printer”(первый русский книгопечатник). The qualifier ‘East Slavic’ can be used literally because the scope of Ivan Fyodorov’s activities covers the entire East Slavic region. Estimated to be born around 1510, in his twenties he studied at the historic University of Krakow in Poland. In 1564, he succeeded in printing the first printed book of the Middle East Slavs, the Apostle(Апостол), and gained fame. Later settled in Lvov, the center of present-day western Ukraine, he produced the first printed edition of Ukraine’s book(1573), and also published a spelling book (Азбука). Later, as the influence of Uniate(Униат), a joint Orthodox and Roman Catholic church, grew stronger in western Ukraine and Lithuania, he stopped printing Cyrillic books. It is a brief story, but in the 16th century, in the formation of a unified medieval East Slavic state centered on Moscow, the printing of religious texts for the entire East Slavs, from Moscow to Lithuania and Lvov, and commercial printing of spelling books for illiteracy. Ivan Fyodorov deliberately tried to weave the Middle East Slavs into the widest area, linking 〈Moscow–Lithuania–Lvov〉, it was difficult to organize such an action. To the extent that it is difficult, he uses the medieval East Slavs as his stage for his activities and mediates them through the medium of ’print’. This study, which traces the role of Ivan Fyodorov by examining his activities at the Moscow printing bureau and the activities of his remaining disciples, will identify all the major stems of book printing in the East Slavs in the 16th century.