РОМАНТИЧНА ІСТОРІОСОФІЯ А. МІЦКЕВИЧА. ЕМОЦІЇ, ПРОСТІР, ІМПЕРІЯ

Abstract

The article examines A. Mickiewicz’s “Crimean Sonnets” in the context of geopolitics, anthropology, and literary imagology. Attention is focused on the phenomenon of knowing the Other, the situation of the cultural frontier of the Polish émigré poet, the founder of national romanticism, the reformer of the Polish language, the author of works about Lithuania and Ukraine, and the researcher of Slavonia. Attention is focused on the Paris lectures of A. Mickiewicz, in which Ukraine appears as the personification of the frontier, the territory of the borderland, multiculturalism, and the place of geopolitical clashes. The impor- tance of the landscape factor for the interpretation of Ukrainian history, which is closely connected with the national space and picturesque landscapes, is emphasized. The dichotomy of West and East is inscribed in the local-ethnographic context of Ukrainian everyday life, the contradictory meeting of cultures on the border. Mickiewicz’s historiosophy is connected with the steppe as a marker of Ukraine. In this connection, the concept of cultural influences of M. Hrushevskyi, his views on the steppe and the sea as extremely important concepts of the history of Ukraine are considered. «Crimean Sonnets» appear as the embodiment of steppe metaphors at various levels. It is stated that Mickiewicz’s depiction of the steppe completely breaks out of the traditional framework of landscape descriptions, sketches, and national landscapes. Special attention is drawn to the anthropological aspects of the steppe space, its close connection with emotions, mentality, artistic style. Mickiewicz’s works are considered in the context of the work of Polish poets of the Ukrainian school – B. Zaleski, A. Malczewski, S. Goszczyński. Emphasis is placed on the rhizome structure of the steppe space in the texts of Polish romanticism. This allows us to combine opposites and antinomies within the limits of artistic integrity, to read symbolic emotions and mental movements in the cultural geography. The steppe is analyzed as a national space, a metaphor of Ukrainian history, cultural geography, a landscape characteristic of style, writing, emotions, ethnopsychology.