Abstract
Purpose. The article examines the problems of defining the concept of justice in modern science and questions the correctness of the definition of justice by identifying it with the subject implementing it. Methodology: dialectics, hermeneutics, axiology, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. The author proposes a point of view according to which justice is proposed to be defined through the property of legitimacy, that is, recognition of an act of justice by the subjects at whom its action is directed and by third parties. The article provides a study of the genesis of the understanding of justice in the context of its historical development, reveals the understanding of legitimacy and its basis at various stages of the existence of Western civilization. In turn, it is proposed to consider the evolution of the understanding of justice using specific examples that confirm the author’s thesis that in the perception of European cultures, justice is a synthesis of the sacred essence and the accessible mechanism for its administration.
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