ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ У МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ

Abstract

The paper covers the issue of psychological prevention of “professional burnout” syndrome experienced by medical professionals of various levels of education. The authors prove the relevance of the topic and the insufficient degree of development of this issue; bring up the topical issue of the specificity of professional burnout of doctors and nursing personnel, and highlight the necessity of the search for and argumentation of methods of psychological prevention of professional burnout of medical professionals. The authors set out the results of empirical study aimed at the detection of peculiarities of the doctors’ and nurses’ burnout, according to which they determined the high level of professional burnout of all medical professionals; and the nursing staff manifests the highest degree of this syndrome as the nurses are characterized by the low degree of social satisfaction and organizational loyalty. Besides, it is more typical for them to use non-constructive coping strategies such as the “confrontive coping”, “distancing” and “escape-avoidance”. At the same time, it is medical nurses who manifest greatly the empathic abilities. The correlation analysis revealed the following dependence: the lower the degree of education, social satisfaction and status of medical professionals is, the more expressed the “professional burnout” syndrome is. Moreover, the relation of the low degree of burnout and the use of constructive “coping-strategies” is detected. The authors make clear the tasks of psychological prevention of professional burnout promoting the supporting and strengthening of psychological health of medical professionals, correction of personal characteristics of a specialist and the interrelations within the community, as well as helping to cope with stress and emotional burnout in hardships. The results of control stage of the experiment described in the paper point out the efficiency of the psychological prevention program and the feasibility of its application in medical institutions.