Мовна одиниця «звертання»: основні аспекти лінгвістичного вивчення

Abstract

The main aspects of linguistic study of the language unit «address» in domestic and foreign linguistics are considered in the article. Different approaches to the concept of «address», structural and functional features of address, classification of address based on linguistic status, situation and participants in communication, as well as morphological and semantic characteristics of address were considered. It was noted that when considering the address only as an element of the syntactic structure the huge number of uses of the address in various language situations is not taken into account. The systemic-and-structural approach does not take into account the social «addressee factor», which determines the specificity of the most numerous and diverse in semantic, stylistic and communicative-pragmatic terms of the group of addresses – address to the person (addressee, interlocutor). It is obvious that the semantic richness and diversity of the functions of human-to-human address is far from being limited to the name of the addressee and the attraction of his attention. There is a need to study appeals in the communicative-pragmatic aspect. Addresses are and will be an integral part of communication in any country. Every nation, every culture hasits own traditionally established national forms of addressing people. Without knowing the specifics of addressing people in a country and their misuse can lead to awkward and unpleasant situations that may even offend the interlocutor.