Метафора как речевое действие в фреймовой модели

Abstract

Introduction. Earlier studies of the frame organization of the artistic narrative allowed us to come to the conclusion that, firstly, ontological frames-determinants can predetermine the narrative structure of both extended fragments of the narrative text and small fragments limited by the semantics of the local frame; secondly, the semantic-syntactic frame can be considered as a standard linguistic unit with a standard integral structure and semantics, as well as stable naming. Materials and methods. In the proposed approach, a speech frame represents a linguistic expression as a speech action, the content and performance of which is described in a propositional aspect. The use of a metaphor in the text itself is a standard speech action that includes a metaphorical expression in the context, while the meaning of the metaphor is determined by the linguistic and pragmatic context. A metaphor (from a word to a detailed construction) can be considered as a speech action of the speaker by virtue of the fact that the act of metaphorical comparison itself, contained in a metaphor, can be described in terms of propositions. Plot-forming semantic-syntactic frames in an artistic narrative are considered as stable linguistic units with stable conventional meanings and corresponding stable names. Analysis. The semantic-syntactic frame should be considered as a standard semantic model of a typical situation (everyday, communicative), in which the structural and content elements of the semantics of the frame, namely propositions, their predicates and terms filling the terminals of the frame, correspond to certain language expressions for their representation in the surface structures of the narrative. The initial thesis is that from the point of view of the tasks of describing relevant parameters, it is advisable to present a metaphor as a model of a semantic-syntactic procedural frame. Results. Based on the results of the study, a model is proposed in which nuclear propositions describing the basic predications of metaphorical speech action are attributed to the first terminal of the frame; to the second one – the bases of metaphorical comparison; to the third one – the conditions of the linguistic context; to the fourth one – the conditions of the pragmatic context. It is concluded that the representation of a metaphor as a speech action in the form of a procedural semantic-syntactic frame allows analyzing its semantics, structure and functions as a result of performing the corresponding actions and semantic operations displayed in the proposed METAPHOR frame model.