Активація мовленнєвого розвитку в дітей переддошкільного віку

Abstract

In the process of early development of all systems, language first of all suffers, because it is a reflection of complex, individual psychological processes occurring in the child's body, which depend on many factors. Corrective and speech therapy classes started in a timely manner eliminate the general lag in the child's development, since mental and emotional development are interconnected with communication. Therefore, experts strongly recommend not to wait for the child to speak independently, or to wait until the age of 4–5 years. Time can be lost, which can lead to concomitant problems, for example with the psyche. The relevance of the topic is related to the need to stimulate the development of speech activity of young children, which will ensure the correction of primary disorders of higher mental and motor functions and prevent the appearance of secondary deviations in the child's development. The purpose of the study is the formation of active speech in children aged 2.5–3 years whose language was characterized by poor vocabulary, insufficient understanding of adult language, and a decrease in communicative functions compared to peers. We investigated the level of speech development in 10 children aged 2.5–3 years whose speech development lagged behind the age norm. In our work, we used the method of speech development of children with general language underdevelopment of the third year of life, which is based on the following stages of research: determining the level of development of general motor skills, fine motor skills, active vocabulary, passive vocabulary and identifying the level of adult language understanding. The conducted research showed that all children have a delay in speech development, but it is expressed to different degrees in different children. No child showed a high level of speech development, four children are at an average level, and six are at a low level. After the application of corrective work on language development, a control study of the results of the work was conducted using the same methods that we used at the stage of diagnosing their speech development. The comparative analysis indicates that after the correctional and speech therapy work, there is not a single child with a low level of speech development, compared to six children before the work began. The speech development of the two children is almost completely in line with the age group and is rated as high. The other eight children improved significantly in all areas of speech and are rated as children with an average level of development.