Abstract
도시 우수 배수 시스템에서 우수 관거는 개수로 흐름 상태로 가정하여 설계되었기 때문에 합류맨홀에서의 에너지 손실은 일반적으로 중요하게 고려되지 않았다. 그러나 과부하흐름에서 에너지 손실은 관거의 배수능력을 저하시켜 도심지역의 침수피해를 가중시키는 요인이 된다. 그러므로 과부하 합류맨홀 내에서의 수두 손실을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 합류맨홀에 대한 문헌조사 및 현장조사를 실시하여 실험장치를 제작하고 실험조건을 선정하였다. 선정된 실험조건인 맨홀 형상 조건(사각형, 원형), 유출유량(<TEX>$Q_3$</TEX>)에 대한 측면유입유량(<TEX>$Q_2$</TEX>)의 비(<TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX>) 및 실험 유량(2.0, 3.0, <TEX>$4.0{\ell}$</TEX>/sec)을 변화시키면서 실험을 실시하였다. <TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX>가 증가할수록 손실계수가 증가하므로 과부하 합류맨홀에서의 손실계수는 측면 유입관로의 유입유량의 영향을 크게 받는다고 판단된다. 맨홀의 형상변화 및 유량변화에 따른 손실계수는 거의 동일하게 산정되었다. 또한, <TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX>와 손실계수의 관계식을 제시하였다. Energy loss at manholes, often exceeding friction loss of pipes under surcharged flow, is considered as one of the major causes of inundation in urban area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze head losses at manholes, especially in case of surcharged flow. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole shape (square, circular) were installed for this study. In the experiments, two inflows (<TEX>$Q_1,\;Q_2$</TEX>) were varied from 0 to <TEX>$4{\ell}$</TEX>/sec and 15 combinations were tested in total. The flow ratios <TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX> were varied from 0 to 1 for a total flow <TEX>$Q_3$</TEX> (<TEX>$Q_3=Q_1+Q_3$</TEX>) of 2, 3, and <TEX>$4{\ell}$</TEX>/sec, respectively. The variation of head losses were strongly influenced by the lateral inflow because the head loss coefficient increases as the flow ratio <TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX> increases. There was no significant difference of head loss between square manhole and circular one, and also no large variation of head loss as discharges change. The relation equations between K and <TEX>$Q_2/Q_3$</TEX> were suggested in this paper.
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