중국의 여해적 정일수(鄭一嫂)와 해상권력의 구축

Abstract

The South China Sea in the 19th century was the heyday of pirates. In 1805, a group of six pirates signed an agreement to establish the Pirate Federation. In addition, European merchant ships and Chinese merchant ships traveling between routes in the South China Sea were looted and engaged frequently with the Qing Dynasty's naval forces. Among the six groups, the strongest force was Hong Gi-bang (Red Flag), and the Red Flag had strong power as the leader of the Pirate Federation. This paper noted how the pirate Cheng I’s Wife became the leader of Hong Gi-bang (red flag) beyond gender and sexual norms in the pirate world and gained tremendous power in the pirate federation. In Chinese history, Madam Qing was hidden by her husbands and was not properly evaluated. Therefore, in Chapter 2 of the paper, we will look at the Chinese and Western records written about Cheng I’s Wife. In particular, important clues about her can be found in Western records, and data on Cheng I’s Wife and Chinese pirates are abundant in the autobiography of an Englishman who was kidnapped by a Chinese pirate. Chapter 3 analyzed how Cheng I’s Wife ran a pirate organization and the cause of his powerful power in the pirate society from three perspectives: husband's legacy, Article 3 of the Rules, and the religion of pirates's pirates.