МЕХАНІЗМИ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The article studies the conceptual foundations and practical aspects of building financial relations for the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine. Both the theoretical approaches and practical experience of the functioning of the mechanism for financing joint projects of the State and business are considered. The leading role of public-private partnership in the infrastructural development of the national economy, stimulation of its real sector is substantiated. An analysis of the features of the organization of public-private partnership in Ukraine has been carried out, the components and institutional environment of the financial mechanism of its development have been analyzed. It is emphasized that the institutional environment provides a basis for the interaction of financial and legal institutions that regulate, coordinate, control and stimulate participants in public-private partnerships. It is accentuated that the existing number of public-private partnership projects in Ukraine is insufficient, taking into account the potential areas of their application, as well as the existing need of the national economy. The expediency of using one of the key forms of public-private partnership – concession, the wide practical application of which will increase the efficiency of the functioning of the national economy, is underlined. The presence of a systemic negative impact of the ongoing full-scale military aggression against our country on the state and prospects for the development of public-private partnership is substantiated. It is proved that an important direction in the development of financial relations of the public-private partnership mechanism in modern conditions is the development and implementation of an efficient risk management system, which can be carried out with the help of insurance, hedging, diversification, etc. mechanisms. Attention is paid to modern aspects of the rational use of various financial instruments in the structure of the financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership. Possible ways to improve the organization of financial relations for the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine are suggested, taking into account the latest challenges and needs of the national economy.

In Ukraine, the war has increased the need for urgent infrastructure restoration. Destroyed facilities need to be modernized for the stability of the economy. Public-private partnerships effectively attract investments by mobilizing resources and distributing risks, which increases management efficiency. However, the implementation of public-private partnerships faces challenges, such as an imperfect regulatory framework and corruption, which need to be addressed for further development. The purpose of the study is to explore the possibilities of developing public-private partnerships in Ukraine, taking into account the socio-economic context and the needs of the population. The object of the study is the mechanisms of interaction between the public and private sectors and their impact on the restoration of Ukraine’s infrastructure. The study is based on scientific works, statistical data and regulations. Methods used: morphological, empirical, statistical, analysis and synthesis, structural and logical analysis. Theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of “public-private partnership” and “public-private partnership” are generalized, and common and distinctive features are outlined. The peculiarities of the legislative and regulatory framework of public-private partnership in Ukraine are determined. The key advantages and disadvantages of the legislative and regulatory framework for public-private partnerships in Ukraine are outlined. The main indicators of economic development of public-private partnerships in Ukraine for 1990-2023 are presented. The main stages of public-private partnership formation in the time period of 2015-2024 are identified and characterized. The study recommends the main factors of impact of public-private partnerships for the restoration of Ukraine’s infrastructure, including attracting private investment, effective project management, risk sharing, innovation, job creation, improving the quality of services, and attracting international partners.

The article reveals the essence and role of public-private partnership (PPP). It is established that a public and private partnership is a powerful and promising tool of social and economic development at both the regional and local levels, as well as a means of raising funds to projects. The legal regulation of public and private partnership in Ukraine and its shortcomings are determined. It was found that the legislation contains a lot of controversial issues related to: communication problems between the partners; legislative and regulatory issues; financing problems. The number of the PPP projects in Ukraine is presented by sectors and investment in projects of public-private partnership is shown. It was determined that during 1992-2012, 58 PPP projects have been implemented in Ukraine, or 7.03% of the total number of implemented projects. The structure of PPP projects implemented in Ukraine is shown, where the lion’s share is taken by the energy sector (71%), telecommunications (24%), transport (2%), water supply and drainage (3%). The problems that hinder the development of public and private partnership in Ukraine were identified, namely the shortage of highly qualified specialists who are able to develop public-private partnership in the future – both on the part of business, and country; shortage of projects of public-private partnership as well as appropriate banking requirements to them; disinclination of business for stimulating the development of public-private partnership, since the number of private operators is negligible in a very few sectors; inability of public authorities to maintain partner relationships and the implementation of PPP projects; shortcomings of the legislative framework (such as concession) and mismatch of enforcement activity; little activity of the regions in showing initiative to develop and implement PPP projects; inability to attract investment in long-term PPP projects, etc. The ways of improving the implementation of public and private partnership in Ukraine according to the Concept of Development of Public and Private Partnership in Ukraine are identified, including the identification of priority areas for the development of PPPs; improving the investment climate and business environment in the context of the development of PPPs; the development of the authorized state body responsible for the development of PPPs; strengthening the functions of local authorities in the area of PPPs; improving funding mechanisms for PPP projects; activation of the development institutions in the PPP management system; elimination of contradictions and shortcomings of the legal framework of PPP; improving the cooperation of the authorities with civil society institutions for the implementation of PPP projects. Purpose. This article provides for achieving the following objectives: 1) the study of problems of public-private partnership in Ukraine; 2) identification of solutions thereto. The subject of the research is the mechanism of public-private partnership, its problems and solutions thereto. Methodology. In this work the following general scientific and special methods of study were used: comparative and legal, historical, dialectical, analytical and synthetic, formal and logical and statistical methods. Results. The findings allowed drawing specific suggestions for overcoming the problems of public and private partnership in Ukraine. The practical significance of the findings is that the article thoroughly investigated the situation and problems of public and private partnership in Ukraine. Value/originality. This article is a completely original investigation, is practical and can be used for further scientific work.

The asymmetry of information processes governed the erosion of the postindustrial paradigm. In place of the declared factors in the development of the service sector came the economy of knowledge. The absence of well-developed structures of the knowledge economy requires new challenges for society. Transparency of processes requires the emergence of approaches to the development of the knowledge economy in modern conditions. This thesis determines the significance of the chosen research topic. The purpose of the scientific article is to consider approaches to the development of the knowledge economy in modern conditions. The objectives of the study are to consideration of the infrastructure characteristics of the knowledge economy; to determination of theoretical prerequisites for the development of the knowledge economy; to the allocation of a formalized basis for the formation of the knowledge economy; to proposal of approaches to the development of the knowledge economy. The methods of writing a scientific article are the method of theoretical premises, the method of evolutionary development, the method of essence – relationship, the method of species characteristics, the method of typologization, the method of abstraction, the method of distraction from the concrete, the method of idealization, the method of diagnosis, the method of implication and generalization.

The subject of the article is theoretical substantiation, methodological support, and practical proposals for studying the innovative development of the economy in modern conditions. The aim of the study is to generalize and improve the theoretical foundations of innovative development, identify the main influencing factors and defining characteristics of its course and develop proposals to ensure innovative development of Ukraine's economy in the current conditions. The following tasks have been defined: to find out the attitude of specialists to the possibility and necessity of supporting innovative development in today's difficult military conditions; to summarize the theoretical basis of innovative development and improve its definition and group existing concepts; to substantiate the most influential factors that determine the intensification and/or containment of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy; to identify its defining characteristics, which are used to generate measures to ensure innovative development of the economy in wartime conditions. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, structural and logical analysis, systemic and situational approaches, economic and statistical analysis, correlation analysis, multivariate regression analysis, graphical method. The following results have been obtained: the definition of the concept of "innovative development" has been improved; the concepts of innovative development have been analyzed; the main factors influencing the course of innovative development in Ukraine have been identified; multivariate regression models have been built according to the influential factors of innovative development and the most important of them have been substantiated; the current defining features of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy have been identified by significant factors and their specification has been carried out in accordance with the measures to ensure it in the conditions of military operations. Conclusions. It is proved that the improved concept of "innovative development" is that it characterizes the resolution of obvious and hidden contradictions on the basis of qualitative changes in the economic system through the accumulation of quantitative transformations in its components and/or factors of innovation processes, intellectual property, the latest technologies and products. In accordance with the above generalized concepts of innovation development, the author investigates the factors influencing this phenomenon based on the dynamics of the components of the global innovation index and statistical indicators of Ukraine's economy for the period 2015–2022. The most influential factors according to the outlined indicators are identified and multivariate regression models are built, which reveal the following modern leading features of innovation development: formation and maintenance of solvent demand of end users (customers) of innovations for the acquisition of intellectual property. With this in mind, the author proposes measures to ensure and intensify innovative development in the context of military operations in Ukraine.

The scientific article focuses on characteristics of public and private sectors of the economy in the context of considering their mutually beneficial long-term cooperation, as well as systematized approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «public-private partnership» (PPP). The works of foreign scientists in the field of researching the peculiarities of this form of partnership in the process of its evolutionary development are analysed, the experience of their implementation in different countries is presented, and the possibilities of implementing advanced scientific developments in modernization of economy and society in Ukraine are considered. The modern normative-legal support of the public-private partnership regulation is considered. The author argues that public-private partnership is a priority of government development programs which encourages strong and effective cooperation between government agencies and private business. Balance of interests between the studied sectors is a key factor in the success of public-private partnership in Ukraine, as the application of positive experience in PPP projects allows public and local authorities to address a number of important socio-economic issues. In the context of the formation of political, economic, legal and social attitude of public authorities to achieve partnership in the implementation of socio-economic development programs or investment projects, the researches of the diversity of public and private sectors, features of legal support of this interaction and identification of problems for its further development are extremely important. During the thematic research, the main relaxing (inhibitory) factors influencing the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine were identified, as well as key recommendations for improving the efficiency of public and private sectors of the economy. It is argued that the successful implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine is possible only with mutual consideration of interests of the state and the private sector through trustful and transparent relationship between business and the state.

Problem setting. The article considers the current state and problems of transport infrastructure development in the world. The expediency of solving these problems through the implementation of public-private partnership projects is substantiated. The most important areas of application of public-private partnership in Ukraine are highlighted. The foreign experience of attracting private investors to the improvement and development of transport infrastructure and the implementation of such experience for Ukraine are analyzed.Recent research and publications analysis. The topic of organization, formation and development of public-private partnership as a systemic phenomenon by domestic and foreign researchers is given considerable attention by such scientists as V. Varnavsky, V. Goshovska, L. Hrytsenko, Y. Gusev, V. Kuybida, S. Linder, O. Nikiforuk, S. Ovcharenko, T. Pakhomova, N. Pirozhenko, V. Postnikov, O. Pukhkal, V. Skuratovsky, P. Sytnyk, N. Saprykina, L. Chmyryova, I. Chukaeva, P. Shylepnytsky and others, study public-private partnership in political, economic, legal aspects. The issue of using public-private partnership as an object of research of transport infrastructure is investigated by a scientist - N. Bodnar.The paper objective. To study of foreign experience of involving private partners in solving problems and improving the conditions of transport infrastructure, application of the best recommendations and projects in the field of transport infrastructure of Ukraine using the best practices in today's conditions.The paper main body. Foreign countries have vast experience in the application of public-private partnership mechanisms and a clear understanding that the private and public sectors have unique opportunities that give them an advantage in providing services to the population. In Ukraine, no successful attraction of private investment on the basis of public-private partnership in the implementation of strategically important social and humanitarian projects, and most of the implementation of such projects are unsystematic and isolated, so the study of modern experience of developed countries and its adaptation to modern realities.World experience has confirmed that without effective legislative regulation in the field of public-private partnership and the creation of a single state body to regulate public-private partnership in Ukraine cannot be implemented in full regulation and transparency of partnerships and as well as trust and desire to attract foreign investors to Ukraine. Ukraine should pay attention to the world experience in the implementation and development of public-private partnership of which to implement this model of development in the field of transport infrastructure of Ukraine.Conclusions of the research. Public-private partnership is an effective and promising tool for economic and social development for any country at the regional and local levels where the state has an ability to control and relieve the burden on the state budget, and during this cooperation better technical and economic indicators are achieved and used more efficiently. The study of world experience in the implementation of public-private partnership projects is useful for the development and justification of the Ukrainian state strategy for the use of public-private partnership.

Досліджено особливості функціонування агропромислових підприємств. Визначено зміст поняття “інноваційно-інвестиційний розвиток” агропромислових підприємств, головною метою якого є модернізація сільськогосподарського та переробного виробництва, що дає змогу забезпечувати високу ефективність діяльності підприємств у довгостроковому періоді. Доведено, що ефективне функціонування агропромислових підприємств повинно базуватись на сучасній політиці державної підтримки підприємств аграрної сфери.

The article explores creative management of business structures' competitiveness during the war and the recovery of Ukraine's economy. It substantiates the importance of implementing innovative solutions such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technologies, which help businesses adapt to challenging conditions and ensure efficient operations. It is found that innovative approaches contribute to optimizing production processes, reducing costs, and improving management practices, which enhances the competitiveness of Ukrainian businesses in both domestic and international markets. The research demonstrates that the use of technologies like IoT for production monitoring enables businesses to control production processes in real-time and reduce operational costs. Warehouse automation and the use of drones in logistics help minimize risks for workers and improve the accuracy of operations, which is crucial during wartime. This illustrates the ability of Ukrainian entrepreneurs to quickly adapt to new challenges and effectively utilize technological innovations to maintain business resilience. However, the implementation of innovations during wartime presents its own risks, including cybersecurity issues, high costs of technology adoption, and infrastructure instability. Despite these challenges, businesses that adopt creative solutions show readiness for change and ensure continuity of operations by employing strategic innovative management approaches. This allows them to function effectively in unstable conditions and lay the groundwork for long-term development. The article concludes that innovative thinking and creative management are key to enhancing the competitiveness of Ukrainian business structures in the challenging conditions of war and recovery. The adoption of the Internet of Things and other innovative solutions is a crucial factor for ensuring the sustainable development of businesses and Ukraine's economy in modern conditions. Keywords: creative management, competitiveness, innovative solutions, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, business structures, Ukraine's economy, war, recovery, automation, risk management, digitalization

The stability and sustainability of economic growth have always been a hot topic of concern in the academic and practical circles around the world. The purpose of this study is to examine the stability and sustainability of China's economic growth. For over 200 economies around the world, ensuring the stability and sustainability of their economic development in the face of sudden and catastrophic events is a great challenge. The COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 is just an emergency to test the economic development of each economy. The method adopted in this study is to observe the economic growth of more than 200 countries and regions in the world in 2020, visually measure the economic growth of each economy after being impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, and then further explain the reason for the robustness of China's economic growth with the help of shock theory, statistical methods, including variance coefficient, nonlinear econometric model, shock entropy and other quantitative indicators. This study found that although the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on China's economic growth is huge on the whole, the resilience of China's economic growth is significant, and the original trend of economic growth has not changed because of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Its average variance coefficient is only 0.42, and the shock entropy is almost 0. The conclusion is that China's economic development is not only robust, but also sustainable. The practical significance of this study is that the perfect industrial economic structure and the Chinese style COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control model can still maintain the existing track of economic development at a certain cost of economic development, ensuring that the overall trend of economic growth remains strong, which lays a solid foundation for economic and social development after the COVID-19 epidemic.

Purpose The purpose of the chapter is to identify the features of organizational and economic management of the digital economy in modern conditions. Design/methodology/approach Correlation analysis identifies the relationship between government regulation, market governance and sustainable development. Correlation analysis is aimed, firstly, at identifying the relationship between the importance of regulatory and market factors and, secondly, at determining differences between countries with different levels of digitalization. For this, the research objects are countries that occupy different positions in the IMD digital competitiveness rating for 2019: top-5, middle-5 and low-5. Findings The research has revealed the following features of organizational and economic management of the digital economy in modern conditions. The first feature is that the efficiency of market self-government in the digital economy as a whole is much higher than that of public administration. This allows for de-regulation of sustainable development at any level of digitalization. The second feature is that in general, the manageability of sustainable development decreases in the digital economy, becoming less predictable, which contradicts the logic of digitalization as a mechanism for increasing transparency and control. A third feature is the absence of a clear pattern of changes in the effectiveness of stability management tools as the degree of digitalization increases. Originality/value It is justified that at each level of digitalization, different tools are effective and necessary for application, and different manifestations of sustainable development are most manageable. Therefore, it is recommended to be flexible in managing the sustainable development of the digital economy in modern economic conditions.

Introduction The article is devoted to the systematization of existing approaches to the analysis of the impact of financial instruments and technologies on the development of the economy in modern conditions of martial law. Ukraine has significant potential for adaptation to modern economic challenges. Effective development of exports and imports in conditions of war and post-war recovery requires a comprehensive approach, which includes state support for business, modernization of logistics infrastructure, expansion of the circle of trading partners, digitalization and strengthening of industrial potential. Objective. The objective of the article is to generalization of approaches to ensuring the stability of economic agents, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the economy under martial law. Methodology. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, formalized, abstraction and comparison. Results. The article systematizes approaches to analysing the impact of means and technologies on the development of the national economy in modern conditions, identifies key areas of influence of the results of the implementation of innovations with clarification of their content, directions of influence and significance. A basic scheme of interaction of participants according to the key characteristics of financial stability is presented and approaches to ensuring financial stability in conditions of turbulence in the capital markets are systematized. The understanding of the essence of the concepts of «financial stability» and «turbulence of capital markets» at the stage of development of the digitalized economy is clarified. It is proved that the innovative development of export-import activity is a determining factor in strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises and the national economy. In the conditions of globalization and rapid technological progress, the strategy of foreign economic activity must be constantly adapted by implementing modern solutions. Innovations in product diversification, digitalization of processes, optimization of logistics and improvement of customs regulation contribute to increasing the efficiency of foreign economic activity and ensure sustainable development. It has been determined that the main components of imports will be energy technologies, military equipment and industrial equipment. The conclusion of new economic agreements with partners will contribute to the transformation of the trade structure, in particular, to increasing the technological level of imports and increasing the share of products with high added value in exports. Mastering the complex of proposed approaches to ensuring financial stability will contribute to a deeper analysis of current trends in the conditions of instability of capital markets and will allow timely adoption of justified and effective investment decisions.

Statement of the problem. Currently, there are many problems and unresolved issues that hinder the processes of effective implementation of projects between the state and private business. Accordingly, it can be argued that there is a need for in-depth scientific research on the functioning of public-private partnerships, which actualises the direction and topic of the research in this article. Analysis of recent research and publications. The implementation of public- private partnership is studied in the publications of such scholars as Garifullin M., Degtyarev A., Kozar Y., Komarnytska H., Kosach I., Krynychko L., Krynychko F., Petryk S., Savchenko V., Stoyka S., Stoyka V. and others. They raise the issue of the national experience of public-private partnership in the context of development of investment and innovation activities, consider certain aspects of the institution of public-private partnership, in particular, as the basis of financial and economic stability of the state, study the peculiarities of development of public-private partnership in the context of decentralisation of power in Ukraine. Identification of previously unresolved parts of the general problem. The subject of this study is to analyse the organisational support for the development of public-private partnerships and to substantiate strategic directions for improving the interaction between the state and the private sector in current conditions. Summary of the basic research material. Public-private partnership is characterised as a socio-economic category within which the state and the private sector interact to implement specific projects. The implementation of a partnership between private business and the state has the advantage that it involves state support and guarantees. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public- private partnerships in Ukraine. The article proposes strategic directions of support and development of public-private partnership in Ukraine. These include: regulatory (improvement of the legislative and regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and bringing it in line with international norms and standards); organisational (implementation of organisational measures to strengthen the State support for public-private partnerships); motivational (focus on motivational factors for involving private entities in cooperation with the State on the basis of the latest tools and methods); and innovative (use of innovative and investment tools). Conclusions. Today, there are many problems associated with inadequate state support for public-private partnerships in Ukraine. Measures should be taken in line with the implementation of strategic directions aimed at developing public-private partnerships. The key area should be to improve the regulatory framework for the implementation of public-private partnerships and its state support, which can ensure the interaction of private business and public authorities with the highest efficiency. It is necessary to provide sufficient motivational levers based on the latest tools and methods and to apply innovative and investment tools that can bring public-private partnership to a qualitatively new level of development

Aim. To analyze the degree of investment impact on economic growth in modern Russia.Objectives. To study the multiplier effect as a key tool for stimulating economic activity and creating new jobs, developing innovations and reducing social inequality; to identify its significance for the national economy in modern conditions of inherent uncertainty.Methods. The research is based on the empirical study of the multiplier effect and gas pedal effect on the materials of the modern Russian economy. The analysis is based on the use of dynamic time series, definition of dependent and independent variables in the context of identified correlations between them. The data of literary sources on the assessment of the impact of the investment multiplier effect on economic growth were also studied.Results. The multiplier effect can have a significant impact on the formation of the structure of the economy, contributing to an increase in production, reducing unemployment and improving the standard of living of the population. The study of this effect allows us to better understand the mechanisms of economic functioning and develop recommendations for optimizing investment policy to achieve sustainable economic growth, which is important for modern Russia developing under sanctions pressure. The study of paired regression revealed a mathematical relationship between the increase in investment in fixed capital and the growth of gross domestic product (GDP), as well as between GDP growth and the increase in investment in fixed capital. The high correlation coefficient (r = 0.945896) and coefficient of determination (R² = 89.47 %) confirm that there is a strong relationship between fixed capital investment and GDP. This indicates that most of the changes in output can be explained through changes in fixed capital investment.Conclusions. The results of the analysis confirm the importance of investment in fixed capital as a key factor of economic growth and development in modern Russia. Strengthening investment activity allows not only to increase the level of economic development as a whole, but also contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for sustainable growth of income of the population, innovation activity, etc. In this regard, investment stimulation should become one of the priorities in the current Russian economic policy.

Goal. The article is devoted to the generalization of the peculiarities of the functioning of public-private partnership in Ukraine and some foreign countries and the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the postwar reconstruction of Ukraine. Method. Taking into account the specifics of the study, a systematic approach and a method of comparative analysis were used, an assessment of the losses of Ukraine's economy caused by Russian military aggression was presented, and the structure of this mechanism was formed. Results. The pragmatics of the functioning of this financial mechanism in Ukraine and in some foreign countries is analyzed by comparing features and differences. The significant amounts of funding for public-private partnership projects in foreign countries and in Ukraine were emphasized and it was determined that structural grants and grants of the Cohesion Fund were the main source of funding for projects in EU countries. It is also a well-established practice in foreign countries to finance long-term large-scale projects. The importance of coordinators of public-private partnership processes in Ukraine, in particular, line ministries, analytical agencies and public organizations that promote the implementation of quality projects in Ukraine in various fields. Scientific novelty. Using a systematic approach, based on the work of domestic scientists and taking into account the specifics of Ukraine's economy in martial law, a diagram of the structure of the financial mechanism of PPP in the postwar reconstruction of Ukraine. Practical significance. The proposed structure of this financial mechanism should be used in the formation of national, regional and local, in particular at the level of the territorial community economic recovery programs. Promising objects of PPP at the level of territorial communities can be both economic and social projects, given the level of destruction of housing and other social infrastructure. Among the economic ones, the construction of food establishments, small enterprises for processing crop and livestock products, production of household items is relevant, and among the social ones - housing projects, park areas and recreational facilities; objects of historical and architectural heritage; provision of social services, management of a social institution, institution, etc.