ХРАНЕНИЕ ПЛОДОВ СМОРОДИНЫ ЧЕРНОЙ В РЕГУЛИРУЕМОЙ АТМОСФЕРЕ

Abstract

The research was conducted in 2017-2018 in I.V. Michurin Federal Research Centre (Tambov region, Russia) with our own breeding black current varieties ‘Tamerlan’ and ‘Shalunya’. In the Central-Chernozem region of Russia there are zoned 29 varieties. However they do not fully meet the requirements of consumers (because of quality problems and short terms of fresh sales). The study goal is to develop an innovative technology for extending storage time of fresh fruits of modern commercial black currant varieties. Fruits of black currant were harvested in experimental plot planted in 2012, planting scheme 4,0x0,75 m. Black currant fruits were stored at 0…+1° in regular (RA), modified (MA) and controlled (CA) atmosphere. There were determined the losses from gray rot (Botritis cineria), sensory (color, taste, consistence) and biochemical and other characteristics of fruit quality (vitamin C, dry soluble substances, titric acid content, total content of phenolic compounds, berry firmness, weight loss). Storage factors and their combinations inhibit the ripening and development of gray rot of black currant fruits in different degrees, provide different time of effective storage of production: in regular atmosphere it is limited to 5-7 days, in modified atmosphere — to 10- 15, in controlled atmosphere — to 45 days and even more. The variety ‘Tamerlan’ provides a higher level of keeping quality of fruits with all storage technologies. CA conditions keep slowing ripening, inhibiting of fungal rot, extending storage time with high quality (color, taste, fruit structure) during storage and bringing to consumers. CA technology (O 2 — 14.0-16.0 %, CO 2 — 13.5-15.5 %, humidity 95 %) provides preserving or insignificant changes of biochemical and other indicators of fruit quality (vitamin C, dry soluble substances, titric acid content, total content of phenolic compounds, berry firmness) after 30 days of storage. The developed technology is environmentally safe and could be used in organic production of black currant.