Определение промысловой годности траулеров по тяговым характеристикам

Abstract

The article considers the problems of the Russian fishing fleet. The trawlers whose age exceeds thirty years are actively operating along with commissioning of the new fishing vessels. Over such a long service life, they lose the necessary traction force due to the increased resistance of the hull and wear of the propulsion system. The possibility of rapid assessment of the traction characteristics of the vessel has been illustrated on the example of a large trawler-freezer type “Pulkovo meridian” project 1288, which has been in use since 1982. The dependence of the ship loss of traction on the voyage time was derived as well. Moreover, there is proposed a method for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the trawl system by replacing nylon mesh panels of a trawl’s net part with mesh panels of a smaller tie diameter made of modern high-strength materials. In preparation for the fishing voyage, it is necessary to store up consumables for trawl repairing, so if the fishing vessel-trawl is properly operated, such net sheets should be included in the consolidated list of materials. Numerical examples of the method are given here as well. As a result of applying this method, substituting the panels of the net part with a mesh pitch of 1 200 and 800 mm of the pelagic trawl P-K-120/1120 for the mesh panels made of high-strength Dyneema material can reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the trawl by 1.3 times. The proposed methodology for determining a trawler’s commercial viability and correcting the hydrodynamically heavy fishing gear should solve the problem of the optimal correlation between the propulsion of a vessel and the hydrodynamic resistance of a trawl quickly, in the process of fishing by a crew of a vessel. The proposed methodologies would help avoid high main engine maintenance costs, operating a trawl that is not in line with the technical condition of the trawler or reduce fishing shortfalls of a smaller trawl.