Abstract
System of measures for creating plantings in order to improve the natural and landscape conditions of territories in the zones of dry steppes and semi-deserts causes the formation of a qualitatively new biocenotic environment. Forest reclamation transformation entails a change not only in the composition of trees and shrubs in the region, but also in the transformation of the animal world, including the insect population.Elimination of a number of typical inhabitants of treeless steppe ecosystems, introduction of specialized species typical for meadow-steppe, meadow and forest biocenoses, entails a change in taxonomic diversity and the number of entomocomplexes of transformable biocenoses. The introduction of forest plantations leads to the optimization of the microclimatic regime, which, in turn, contributes to modifications of the species composition of entomocomplexes and their structural and functional organization in space. The effect of these changes is observed in the first years of the plantings existence. In the future, the vital activity and placement of insects are closely related to the dendrological composition, structural and environmental parameters of plantings, features of their vertical structure, etc. In forest reclamation ecosystems an important environmental aspect of reducing the destructive activity of pests is preserving, maintaining and activating the role of entomophages. The formation of groups of useful insects is associated with the diversity of dendroflora and the presence in its composition of entomophilic tree and shrub species that ensure the attraction of useful insects and activation of interfacial faunal exchange. The creation conveyor of dendrologicalis crucial in these conditions, providing entomophages with an additional trophic base and shelters. Forest reclamation development of territories and interaction of elements of these ecosystems determine the composition and condition of entomocomplexes, promote recovery, conservation and maintenance of regional biological diversity, ensuring efficiency of functioning of transformed territories.
Highlights
The vital activity and placement of insects are closely related to the dendrological composition, structural and environmental parameters of plantings, features of their vertical structure, etc
The formation of groups of useful insects is associated with the diversity of dendroflora and the presence in its composition of entomophilic tree and shrub species that ensure the attraction of useful insects and activation of interfacial faunal exchange
[Variations diversity of insect by the habitats on the areas protected by forests]
Summary
Система мероприятий по созданию насаждений с целью улучшения природных и ландшафтных условий территорий в зонах сухих степей и полупустынь обусловливает формирование качественно новой биоценотической среды. Лесомелиоративная трансформация влечет за собой изменение не только состава деревьев и кустарников в регионе, но и преобразование животного мира, в том числе населения насекомых. Элиминация ряда типичных обитателей безлесных степных экосистем, внедрение специализированных, характерных для лугово-степных, луговых и лесных биоценозов видов, влечет за собой изменение таксономического разнообразия и численности энтомокомплексов обустроенных биоценозов. Введение лесонасаждений в значительной степени оптимизирует микроклиматический режим, что, в свою очередь, способствует модификации видового состава энтомокомплексов и их структурно-функциональной организации в пространстве. В дальнейшем жизнедеятельность и размещение насекомых тесно связаны с дендрологическим составом, конструктивными и экологическими параметрами насаждений, особенностями их вертикальной структуры и пр. Принципиально важно в этих условиях создание дендроконвейера, обеспечивающего энтомофагов дополнительной трофической базой и убежищами. Лесомелиоративное обустройство территорий определяет состав и состояние энтомокомплексов, способствует восстановлению, сохранению и поддержанию регионального биологического разнообразия, обеспечивая эффективность функционирования трансформированных территорий. Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volgograd, 400062, Russian Federation
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