Особенности межмолекулярного взаимодействия в нефтяных дисперсных системах

Abstract

Oil, gas condensates, oil products present a complex colloidal-dispersed system which often demonstrates the abnormally changing properties when external conditions change. Mixing the petroleum products can be accompanied by a non-linear behavior accompanied by synergistic and antagonistic effects. Understanding of the oil and oil products as oil dispersed systems, the specific features of intermolecular interaction largely clarify their behavior, changes in properties, chemistry and mechanism of reactions occurring in them. Petroleum systems are polydisperse, in which the components can coexist in different aggregate states, and the size of the dispersed phase can vary over a wide range. They consist of diverse compounds that differ in properties, structure, shapes and sizes of molecules. Due to the variety of components that make up oil disperse systems the intermolecular interactions determine such a feature of the behavior of oil systems as the phenomenon of self-organization and structuring, which manifest themselves when external influences change and are sensitive to them. They are characterized by the absence of charge and a minimum of charge-polarization interactions of molecules, and intermolecular interactions are largely determined by the presence of paramagnetic molecules. The uncompensated spin of macromolecular compounds due to the steric obstacles, a homolytic dissociation, and the presence of microelement compounds ensure the paramagnetism of petroleum dispersed systems. This leads to developing the stable associative combinations and the formation of complex structural units capable of redistributing components and layers between phases under the influence of external effects. Comprehensive analysis and unanimity of views on the physical and chemical interactions of the components of oil systems leading to a change in their structure, open up fundamentally new opportunities for intensifying processes in the practice of production, transportation and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials and the use of petroleum products, and also allow predicting the behavior of oil systems in processes which they are participating.