ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВЕ

Abstract

The principle of differentiated technologies is to process fields in accordance with the actual needs of agricultural crops at each specific point of the field. The amount of irrigation water, processing agents and fertilizers supplied varies in different areas of the field, ensuring a reduction in resource consumption and minimizing environmental damage. The problem is to find the optimal level of use of fertilizers and chemicals, to determine the dose of their application. The purpose of the work was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of differentiated fertilization technologies in the cultivation of winter wheat of the Moskovskaya variety. Field studies were conducted in three variants: without the use of fertilizers, fertilization using traditional technology (a single norm) and differentiated technology. Preliminary mapping with determination of the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium showed a significant unevenness in the distribution of elements. To optimize the application of nitrogen fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen was determined in the soil before sowing. The doses and norms of fertilizers were determined differentially depending on the availability of soil. The minimum nitrogen content of 2.5% was in the first variant. In the same variant, there was a minimum NDVI reading of 0.51. In the second variant, when nitrogen was added to the leaves, it was increased to 3.2%, and NDVI was increased to 0.7. The use of full fertilization with mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the nitrogen content to 3.71% and, accordingly, NDVI to 0.80. For nitrogen in the tubulation phase, it is 4.0–4.5%, potassium – 3.0–3.5%, phosphorus – 0.35–0.40%. The plants in the second and third variants were much larger. With differentiated technologies, plants had a more powerful root system. The plants of the first variant looked much weaker: pale color, fewer shoots. Nitrogen fertilization has led to increased tillering and the development of stronger plants. The use of fertilizers using traditional fertilization technology allowed for an increase in yield of almost 32%. With the use of differentiated technologies, the yield increased by 82%.