Диагностические возможности оптической когерентной томографии при глаукоме

Abstract

The detection of glaucoma at an early stage remains one of the most urgent problems of modern ophthalmology due to its leading position among the causes of irreversible blindness not only in Russia but also in the world. Despite the currently available capabilities of modern diagnostic equipment, the issue of detecting glaucoma at an early preperimetric stage remains open. Therefore, it seems relevant to search and study the most informative methods for diagnosing this ophthalmopathology. This review of domestic and foreign literature provides data on the diagnostic capabilities of the method for glaucoma, which allows recording objective structural and vascular changes in the retina and optic nerve. We are talking about optical coherence tomography (OCT), including with the function of angiography, which has become widespread both in Russia and abroad. Spectral optical coherence tomography, especially with the function of angiography, has a high sensitivity, not only in terms of diagnosis, but also in the monitoring of glaucoma. Morphometric parameters that are highly informative are the characteristics of the complex of retinal ganglion cells and the peripapillary layer of retinal nerve fibers. The study of the density of the peripapillary vascular bed, the optic disc and the macular area opens up prospects for the early diagnosis of glaucoma and can be used as predictors of the development and progression of glaucoma. Keywords: glaucoma, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography with angiography function, retinal ganglion cell complex, peripapillary layer of retinal nerve fibers