박정희 정권 시기 저항 세력의 사회기술적 상상

Abstract

The myth of Park Chung Hee as a “President of Science,” which has served to glorify his developmental dictatorship, needs to be criticized and dismantled. What is equally important, however, is to critically analyze the context that has made it possible in the first place-i.e., how the particular vision of science and technology consolidated during the Park Chung Hee era can still exert a considerable influence in our society today. As a preliminary step in that direction, this paper examines how dissident groups during the Park regime-who became one of the major political actors after democratization -understood the meaning, role, and goals of science and technology and how these understandings differed from South Korea’s widely shared sociotechnical imaginary at the time. e prevailing sociotechnical imaginary of the 1960s and 1970s did not suddenly emerge with the seizure of power by Park Chung Hee, and its historical origins can be dated back to the late Chosŏn and colonial periods. e paper thus begins with briefly reviewing the formation of Korea’s sociotechnical imaginary before the 1960s. It then analyzes the features of the dominant sociotechnical imaginary during the Park Chung Hee regime, and explores how those opposed to the regime approached science and technology, focusing on the cases of Sasanggye, the theory of ‘national economy’, and progressive Christian groups. The tentative conclusion of this paper is that many of the dissident groups were also not free from the sociotechnical imaginary of developmental nationalism deeply entrenched in South Korean society under Park’s rule.