ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ДОВКІЛЛЯ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД

Abstract

The purpose of this study is a systematic analysis of the features of the environmental impact assessment of surface waters. The article is a continuation of a series of publications on environmental impact assessment of water resources. Method. In the scientific study on the peculiarities of surface water environmental impact assessment, a systematic approach was used to analyze the characteristics of surface water environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the following areas: surface water EIA procedures, terminology, nature and documentation; assessment of the impact of planned (economic) activity on surface water; description of activities related to surface water. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks were performed: the procedures, duration, nature and documentation of ATS for surface waters were studied and characterized; the assessment of the impact of the planned (economic) activity on surface water was investigated and discussed; the description of activities related to surface water was analyzed. The results. The regulatory and legal aspects of the issue (laws, DBN, methodological recommendations), procedure, term, nature, materials of surface water EIA were considered. The total term of EIA can be from 60 to 120 days. The EIA report includes a variety of materials that reflect the study of the given territory; materials provided by the customer; information of the State reporting balance of surface water use in the relevant district, etc. It should be noted that EIA includes the study of the territory of surface water in the process of preparatory and construction works, during the exploitation of surface water, description of the resources that will be used, SPZ, water use and drainage. Assessments of the impact on surface water of planned (economic) activities have been studied, as well as a description of measures regarding surface water have been analyzed. The study was carried out on the basis of reports from EIA for planned activities on surface water bodies. The probable impact on surface waters is recommended to be carried out according to biological, hydromorphological, chemical and physicochemical indicators, as well as the general level of clogging and silting at the local level. The assessment includes contamination of the massif of surface waters by household and other garbage. A description of the environmental factors that are likely to be affected by the planned activity and its alternative options is carried out, including the health of the population, the state of fauna, flora, biodiversity, land, soils, water, air, climatic factors, material objects, including architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage, landscape, socio-economic conditions and relationships between these factors. And an assessment of the possible impact on the environment of the planned activity is also carried out, in particular, the magnitude and scope of such impact. An assessment is carried out according to the types and amount of expected waste. It is also necessary to evaluate the activities of companies, enterprises, institutions, etc., which are in the zone of influence of such planned activities. It is necessary to take into account the existence of an approved river basin management plan, dangerous geological processes to which the morphological effects of waters can lead when assessing the EIA. When evaluating, it is recommended to use modern research methods. The study did not consider the issue of the results of the public discussion regarding such planned activities with surface water. The scientific novelty consists in the systematic analysis of the features of the environmental impact assessment of surface waters. The study was conducted for all participants who can study and perform EIA. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the educational process of the National university of water and environmental engineering, in particular, in the specialty 103 "Earth Sciences" and other institutions of higher education when teaching hydrological, natural, geographical, economic, ecological and geological disciplines. The results will find their application in the legislative and executive work of local self-government bodies when developing programs for the socio-economic development of territorial communities. Research materials will contribute to the rational use of water resources in the regions of Ukraine.