ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ ЛЕСНЫЕ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

The research methodology is based on generally accepted silvicultural and taxation techniques, methods of observation, and the method of test plots. The objects of research were the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. Forests were created on an area of 17 553 hectares with a clear cutting area of 9 190 hectares for the years 1962-2001 in the forest fund of the GKU “Sabinskoe Forestry”. A part of forest cultures was created under the canopy of soft-leaved stands, in which non-continuous logging was carried out, but they did not have a sufficient amount of conifer undergrowth. The number of self-seeding per 1 m2 of mineralized area with the disc soil mineralization of KLB-1.7 on average is 1.4 times more than in the control variant. The bulk of self-seeding settles in the middle of the prepared lanes and grounds. In 1990, the number of self-seeding at the center of the bands averaged 81%, and at the edges - 19%, with fluctuations in some areas from 51 to 85%. In the next 2 years, the number of self seeding at the center of the lanes decreased on average by 65%, at the edges to 97%. Consequently, in high-grade crops of spruce, one cannot count on the accumulation of self-seeding after sampling either every 4th or every 8th rows of crops and soil mineralization even with good seed yield. It is necessary to improve the method of cutting and soil preparation. The thinning of plantations in the adjacent rows at the same time as felling could be effective, but they were not considered in further studies, because clear felling showed its futility. Conducted long-term large-scale production experiments demonstrate the possibilities of transferring artificial forest ecosystems to the path of natural development by the system of complex logging.