탄소중립 이행과 정의로운 전환을 위한 법적 과제

Abstract

The Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth to Respond to the Climate Crisis (Carbon Neutrality Framework Act), enacted on September 24, 2021, reflects the carbon-neutral policies and legislative trends of major countries, including the recommendations of the IPCC. The Act declared the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Policies and plans related to climate change response and adaptation, energy policy, and greenhouse gas reduction laid out in the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act were already covered by the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth, but the concept of the “Just Transition” was interwoven into the Carbon Neutrality Framework Act for the first time.BR The abolition of coal-fired power generation or the reduction of nuclear power plants―examplary cases of energy conversion― when gradually implemented over a long period of time, would pose no excessive strain during transition. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, however, there is no choice but to reorganize the industrial system at a considerable rate. To implement carbon neutrality within the next 10 to 30 years, countermeasures must be prepared to reduce the resulting impact on industries, jobs, and the local economy.BR Just Transition is a solution to the need for a rapid clean energy transition. In other words, it means to socially share the burden on the region and industry in the process of implementing the carbon neutrality goal, and to reorganize the industrial system while minimizing direct and indirect damage to related stakeholders. Carbon neutrality and just transition intertwined in the policy is also shown in the US