Идентификация источников нефтяных загрязнений методом инфракрасной спектроскопии

Abstract

The article demonstrates the importance of using reliable methods for identifying oil pollution in relation to accidents and incidents at hazardous production facilities of oil and gas production. Examples are given and prospects for possible negative consequences of biosocial emergencies at drilling and production facilities of the oil and gas complex and related infrastructure are shown. The processes of temporary and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils and aquatic environment are described. The necessity of considering the processes of transformation of oils and oil products in the environment during the production of identification eco-forensic studies in relation to them is shown. The advantages of Fourier spectrometers are revealed, which allow reliably distinguish between oil samples with a difference in optical density in the spectra at the level of 0.01 (0.3–1 % transmission), compared with diffraction infrared spectrometers. Fourier spectrometers were used to study seven oil samples from various fields of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The influence was assessed related to artificial aging on the possibility of identifying the source of oil origin in relation to samples collected in the places of pollution. The results of the study of samples extracted from oil-contaminated soil were carried out and presented. The results of the research confirm the possibility of creating a reliable method for identifying oil pollution based on the method of infrared spectroscopy, as well as new methodological approaches to the problem of identifying samples of oil products in the investigation of arson. It was determined that in the case of using modern technology based on Fourier spectrometers equipped with systems for automatic processing and comparison of spectra, the method of infrared spectroscopy can be used as not only a preliminary, but also one of the basic means of identification.