Abstract
The article is devoted to the consideration of civil society as a socio-cultural and legal phenomenon. The author notes that civil society is a democratic association of free citizens who organize their interests outside the spheres of public administration. In the European Middle Ages there was another important segment of civilizational identity, which, despite its initially quantitative insignificance, became the leading factor in the development of the entire socio-political and legal life. The author comes to the conclusion that the very emergence of civil society was due to its legal certainty. Civil society in its classical form is a very complex phenomenon, it is not only a political, but also a legal phenomenon. Several provisions originating in the European Middle Ages, and operating today, constitute its essence.
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