조선 중기 『춘추』 해석의 두 가지 양상

Abstract

This article attempted to investigate the pluralistic aspects of the interpretation of Spring and Autumn[『春秋』] in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, focusing on A Detailed Commentary on Spring and Autumn Annals[春秋瑣說] of Shin Min-il (申敏一) and the criticism of it by Jo Ik(趙翼). Duke Yin[隱公]’s enthronement and death were significant events that caused various controversies regarding the core principles of patriarchal clan system[宗法制] during the Spring and Autumn period, so it was subject to intensive review by later researchers. Regarding Duke Yin’s behavior, Gongyang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals[春秋公羊傳] and Guliang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals[春秋穀梁傳] show the opposite attitude, and there are two issues. The first is the possibility of a conflict between the hierarchical principle of patriarchal clan system and filial piety[孝], and the second is the possibility of a conflict between the private nature of the act of giving favors and the public nature of feudalism. From the basic point of view of defending Duke Yin, Gongyang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals praised his willingness to hand over the country to his younger brother as well as his ability to judge the political situations, but Guliang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals downgraded Duke Yin to a person buried in the private sector. The evaluation of Duke Yin by the Hu Anguo[胡安國] is generally consistent with that of Guliang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals[春秋穀梁傳]. This is because Hu Anguo[胡安國] also criticized Duke Yin’s actions, which had abdicated the country as a private matter. Shin Min-il stood up for Duke Yin, criticizing Hu Anguo’s assessment of Duke Yin. At this time, Shin Min-il emphasized the principle of filial piety more, emphasizing that Duke Yin tried to comply with the intention of his father, Duke Hui[惠公], rather than his will to hand over the country to his younger brother. He saw that the latter should be prioritized when the principle of succession and filial piety conflict. Of course, he argued that it should not be unilaterally done, but a “scale[權衡]” to adjust the two principles is necessary, and all actions should be judged according to the “principle of natural human feelings[情法]”. On the other hand, Jo Ik emphasizes the hierarchy principle of patriarchal clan system and the publicity of the feudal system, which is consistent with Hu Aaguo and Guliang Commentary On Spring And Autumn Annals. In fact, Shin Min-il’s emphasis on “principle of natural human feelings” is actually based on Zhu Xi’s interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals. This is because Zhu Xi also showed aspects of interpreting the difficult phrases of Spring and Autumn Annals in light of “principle of natural human feelings” in many ways. On the other hand, Jo Ik expressed concerns about Shin Min-il’s emphasis on the concept of “principle of natural human feelings”, but Shin Min-il must have been proud that his method could be supported by Zhu Xi.