Abstract
Purpose. To study placental angiogenesis in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), based on a comparison of the results of a clinical examination and a morphometric study of sequins with this pathology. Material and methods. In the present work, we studied 30 pregnant women with PE, whose average age was 29 ± 1.4 years. The pregnant women were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of pregnant women with PE, among whom 10 patients were within 34 weeks of gestation, and 11 – at 34–39 weeks. Group II (n = 9) – control group, with physiological pregnancy. The inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancy, the presence of preeclampsia according to the ICD-10 classification, the patient's voluntary informed consent to the study. Exclusion criteria: extragenital pathology, multiple births, congenital malformations of the fetus. There were no significant differences in somatic and gynecological status among pregnant women in the surveyed groups. Results. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, VEGF R1 and VEGF R2, are of priority importance in the development of placental angiogenesis. The balance of interaction between VEGF and R1 and R2 receptors leads to adequate vascularization of the villi in the early stages of trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus. Conclusion. As a result of the morphological study, it can be assumed that hemodynamic parameters according to Doppler and angioarchitectonics of the placentas are an important factor in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation. In the absence of disturbances in uteroplacental-fetal hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction should be considered as compensated, in which favorable perinatal outcomes are expected. Structural changes in the fetoplacental complex with impaired blood flow in the uterine arteries and umbilical cord arteries in PE are regarded as subcompensated and decompensated forms of placental insufficiency
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