Метод определения предельно допустимой нагрузки на экосистему

Abstract

The study aims to solve the problem of information support for the efficient managerial decision-making system oriented to the development and maintenance of anthropogenic landscapes ecosystems. The primary research task is to formulate a benchmark adequate in terms of environmental quality assessment and management. The research method. The study proposes the estimation method of the maximum permissible load on the ecosystem based on the synthesis of environmental quality evaluation approaches, patterns of ecosystem functioning, and data on hydrocarbon fuel consumption in the territory. Determining the parameters of the studied object’s idealized model allows discovering the limit characteristics of its actual prototype, i.e., the human-transformed ecosystem. The analysis of the investigated landscape’s model optimal parameters makes it possible to establish the maximum values of assimilation potential and safe emission mass for the features of the territory. One of the elements of the proposed method is the calculation of supply air volume for the ecosystem based on the analysis of the gas exchanges process, taking into account the mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles and data on the carbon dioxide emission in the territory. The results of research. The representative subject for determining the indicators of anthropogenic landscapes sustainability to technogenic influences is the city of Nazran, the Ingush Republic. The available information on the dendrometric parameters of chosen monoculture (Fraxinus Excelsior) allowed determining the patterns in the dynamics of bio-productivity characteristics in correlation with the age of growing stock, considering its exposure to environmental impacts, which made it possible to evaluate the ecosystems’ assimilation potential. The study represents the results of the carbon dioxide emissions inventory for Nazran and the estimation of its masses absorbed by the monoculture during photosynthesis. It also theoretically determines the supply air mass and volume values needed for the toxicants’ atmosphere mass limits assessment. The obtained data laid out the basis for calculating the parameters of the territorial environmental sustainability, along with the relative aggressiveness indices for each of the studied pollutants. Conclusions. The proposed approach makes it possible to take into account the specifics of the ecosystem of the particular territory and the uncertainty of the motor transport emissions dispersion, eliminate the inconsistencies of elements of the management system, increase transparency and simplify the decision-making process, and reduce the restrictions of information support system, the ambiguity of managerial decisions’ consequences and the risks of opportunistic behavior, predict the situation in the territory considering various strategies for ensuring the environmental stability, and improve the system manageability as a whole.