Совесть как фактор морально-нравственной надежности личности

Abstract

We presented the review of researches of conscience as factor of moral reliability of the personality in the history of a scientific thought since Antiquity in various philosophical and psychological concepts, our determination of conscience in terms of psychology, we showed the conscience ratio with spirituality of the personality and with moral reliability. We listed the components of conscience (honor, duty, dignity, justice), its functions (moral freedom, moral responsibility, moral self-esteem, moral self-control, altruism), manifestations (shame, guilt, repentance, pride, rightness, redemption) and mechanisms (will, reflection and empathy). We justified a secular understanding of conscience as a factor of moral reliability, unlike religious. We showed the ratio of existential faith, conscience and moral reliability. We discussed the problem of conscience and reliability of criminals and psychopathic personalities; the ratio of the sensual and rational in conscience as a factor of moral and moral reliability; the problem of conscience education. We justified our understanding of conscience as a measure of the significance of moral value in a situation of moral choice, which acts as the spiritual and moral basis for the manifestation of reliability, which is reflected in the value of concrete actions that ensure in its totality the stability and dynamic development of society.