활동이론의 관점에서 인간중심 상담공동체의 수련 활동체계 분석

Abstract

This study is a case study that analyzed the training activity of a person-centered counseling community. The purpose of the study is to analyze the activity system of counselor training as a context for a community of practice for learning, and Engeström’s activity theory was used as a framework for analysis. For this purpose, six trainees who had participated in the training activity of A counseling institute for 3~5 years participated in the study, and interviews and class observations were conducted. As a result of the analysis, the six components of the activity system were identified, and contradictions within and between the components, and between activity systems were identified. In the activity system of the counselor training, supervisors and trainees participated as “subjects” in the activities to achieve the “object” of being a person-centered counselor; and “mediating artifacts” between subject and object were the person-centered counseling theory, the supervisor as a tool, modeling techniques, and person-centered culture. The counseling “community” was operated based on the implicit “rules” of autonomy, openness, and acceptance and the autonomous “division of labors” of clients, observers, and counselors. As the activity theory emphasizes contradictions as a core principle of community development, there are three major contradictions found in the activity system. First, confusion among “subjects” was indicated as a contradiction within an activity component; Secondly, objectification of the tool and the conflict among communities, subjects, and rules were identified as a contradiction between components; Lastly, as a contradiction between activity systems, a dilemma caused by the conflict of world views was identified. These contradictions were overcome by “exposure”, “awareness”, “expansion of perspective”, and “solidification of identity”. Based on the results, the concept of a counseling community was presented as an educational alternative to the counseling training process.