Создание сортов и гибридов томата в Дагестане

Abstract

Abstract. More than 1.394 thousand people have been produced in the Republic in 2018 tons of vegetables, including tomatoes – 320 000 tons, and there are all conditions in order to significantly increase the area, increase the yield of this valuable crop and provide both the local population and residents of the northern regions with a full supply of food. Methods. The selection work was carried out in the collection nursery of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan in 2016–2018. Observations and records were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the broad unified classification of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance genus Lycopersicon Tourn. UPOV recommendations for tomato culture were used to study the morpho biological traits of forward-looking lines. The yields were taken into account according to the methods of the State system for ensuring uniformity of measurements. The study of the morphology of the fruit brush was carried out by describing and measuring the structural units of inflorescence on 2–3 typical plants for samples. Results. The formation of fruit in F2 hybrids was quite high, but there were significant differences in the mass and shape of fruits. F3 hybrids were dominated by indeterminant and determinant plants with red and orange fruits. The weight of the fruit varied by 108–148 g. It should be noted that the effect of the maternal factor, which is ambiguous and depends both on the combination and on the sign of tie. Scientific novelty. As a result of selections on the complex of traits in individual families received lines combining, high resistance to heat and drought on gametophyte and characterized by high tying of fruits to high temperatures in different years. Revealed 4 lines: F3 L 20/07 × L 20/11, F4 Gigantskaya roza × Fonarik, F3 (L 20/07 × Nevskiy) × L 20/07, F4 Fonarik × Gigantskaya roza with semi-determinant type of growth, with large fruits.