РОЛЬ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА В ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИИ СИНТАШТИНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of the appearance of the Sintashta architecture in the South Trans-Urals in the context of climatic events of the 3rd millennium BC. In terms of the main parameters: structure and layout (the presence of fences, close cluster planning), the Sintashta settlements fit into the Anatolian and Balkan-Carpathian traditions, although their specific incarnations depended on local conditions and resources. This circumstance suggests the migratory nature of the emergence of such a tradition in the Urals. This and other migrations are considered in the context of the paleoclimatic theory of Rapid Climatic Changes (RCC) identified by paleoclimatologists for the Holocene. The unfavorable climatic conditions of the 3rd millennium BC led to migrations and cultural changes. Cultural hybridization manifested in archaeological material was the one of signs of the Bronze Age in the 3rd millennium BC. It was due to a high degree of interaction between different groups of the population and the rapid spread of technological advances over wide areas. It is assumed that a new architectural principle was brought to the Southern Trans-Urals as a memory or image. Such movements could not be realized without an organizational component — the “elite”, who possessed military skills and knowledge in the field of wheeled transport. In the Southern Trans-Urals, the time represented by the Sintashta-Petrovka sites was the most favorable climatically (warm and moderately humid). Besides, that territory had rich resources. All this, not only allowed the new population to gain a foothold in the South Trans-Urals, but also spread further to the east and southeast.