Регламентация эксплуатации приплотинных территорий крупных гидротехнических сооружений

Abstract

Analysis of the international experience of ensuring the safety of large hydraulic structures has shown high degree of the large-scale dam construction and operation on surrounding areas, far beyond the responsibility of hydropower engineers. It is nearly impossible to ensure the safety of these territories within the framework of the dam safety, the lack of regulations and approaches to ensure the security of these territories not only in Russia but also in other countries. It is proposed to introduce the object of state regulation “dam territory” within the boundaries of the established experimentally the most intense impact of a large GTS on the surrounding primarily geological environment, established in the framework of various scientific studies, including the author’s study of the temporal and spatial features of the dynamic impact of the working GTS on residential areas near the Zhigulevskaya HPP. A comparison of different possible approaches to the regulation of the operation of dams in the framework of existing legislation for the purpose of maximum use, such as departmental, territorial, basin, environmental approaches, analyzed the pros and cons of each approach. A comprehensive approach to the regulation of the operation of dams is proposed, making the most of the advantages of each approach and taking into account all the parameters of the impact of the dam on the surrounding areas.