ОСНОВНІ ОЗНАКИ УРАЖЕННЯ КІСТОК ПРИ МНОЖИННІЙ МІЄЛОМІ

Abstract

This article is devoted to the main signs of bone damage in multiple myeloma, identified by MRI. MRI allows direct visualization of the tumor component and its relationship with the adjacent soft tissue structures. The relevance of the direction of analysis and processing of medical images is, firstly, in the rapid development of medical diagnostic technology based on the new application of physical methods of research, and secondly, the rapid development of computer technology and methods of mathematical image analysis have led to the fact that the image analysis has become not speculative, but a practical task that can be solved directly in the workplace of a doctor. Detection of pathological processes is one of the most important tasks of processing and analysis of medical images; at the same time, as is known, early diagnosis of various pathologies, including cancer, significantly increases the chances of recovery of patients.The aim of this work is to study the signs of multiple myeloma, the nuances of its influence on the human body and the features of the manifestation of modern methods of visualization.This article describes the main features of imaging MM, its reflection on the musculoskeletal system, the images showing lesions, as well as images of MRI of the lumbar spine in normal and pathological conditions.Modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance and x-ray computed tomography are informative methods for diagnosing bone destruction syndrome in the vertebrae. Their results allow to identify and assess the foci of destruction in the vertebrae, as well as to clarify the prevalence of the process. An integrated approach to the examination using an optimized algorithm can improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis of MM, to fully assess the prevalence of the pathological process and choose the tactics of treatment.Detection of multiple myeloma manually, that is, «on the eye» of a specialist, is a routine process, and there is a high probability that the so-called places of interest will be unnoticed, which can lead to irreversible processes associated with human life; in addition, a large number of lesions in one patient make it difficult to manually segment all lesions, so it is impossible to quantify the total volume of the tumor on the new year's day. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for automatic detection of lesions and segmentation.