Когнитивная технология допроса: основания, возможности и ограничения

Abstract

The aim of article is to consider the cognitive technology of interrogation developed and used by law enforcement agencies of several foreign countries. It is a set of methods and techniques of obtaining information from interrogated persons based on the mechanisms and regularities of perception, preservation and reproduction of information in human memory. A component of cognitive technology is methods of organization and procedure of its implementation. Information about the efficiency of the technology indicates its advantages in comparison with the classical interrogation. In particular, cognitive technology is superior to the classical method of interrogation in terms of the volume of provided information, its consistency, and the readiness of witnesses, victims and suspects (accused persons) to cooperate with the investigation. The material of the study is publications on the creation and testing of effectiveness of cognitive methods and techniques of interrogatio, published in foreign scientific peer-reviewed journals. The research methods are theoretical methods of processing scientific information – generalization, structuring, categorization. The study is a consistent consideration of the theoretical basis for the development of cognitive methods of interrogation and their differences from classical interrogation; the description of their varieties, procedure and stages; the disclosure of the possibilities of cognitive methods and techniques to obtain information from witnesses, victims, criminal suspects, and juveniles. The result of the study is the generalization and structuring of information about the cognitive technology of interrogation and its components: cognitive interview, methods of interaction with interrogated persons, as well asthe identification of the peculiarities of cognitive interview used in the interrogation of suspects. The limitations of the technology are considered in the context of the Russian practice of interrogation by law enforcement agencies. The limitations in the application of cognitive technology include the complexity of cognitive interrogation and the need for training of investigators, increased time costs compared to classical interrogation. This excludes the application of cognitive technology for the inquest of crimes of small and medium gravity, and indicates the possibility of its use in investigations of serious and especially serious crimes. The conclusion of the study is the expediency of studying the regularities and mechanism underlying the interaction between the investigator and interrogated persons.