Діагностика дерматофітозів домашніх тварин у м. Запоріжжя

Abstract

Dermatophytosis is extremely contagious skin pathologies. Almost 85% of all infectious skin diseases and up to 50% of all infectious diseases of cats and dogs are dermatophytosis. Animals with dermatophytosis are dangerous in epidemiology, they are also a threat to the biosafety of the environment. The system of antiepizootic measures that now exists is not able to eradicate trichophytosis and microsporia of domestic animals for many years. Traditional methods for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis also have many significant drawbacks. The studies were conducted in 2019 in the conditions of private veterinary clinics in Zaporizhzhia. Materials for the study were dogs and cats with signs of dermal pathologies, as well as biomaterials from them (scrapings from the skin, impression smears and stained smears on polymer sheets). They were studied in our own laboratories of clinics. More than 160 cats and dogs were examined for dermatophytosis and 59 animals had positive results. We used the culture isolation method for growing pathogens on selective DSM Dermakit medium and advanced direct microscopy method. Based on the studies it was found that, in general, trichophytosis of animals in Zaporizhzhia prevailed in distribution over microsporia (71.2% and 28.8%, respectively). By growing pathogens on DSM selective medium and using trichograms, it was found that dogs were mainly infected with T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum (80.4%), and M. canis was isolated in 19.6% of cases. For cats in the city the prevailing mycosis was microsporia (M. canis and M. gypseum - 61.5%). In 28.6% of cases the samples were polluted with contaminant saprophytes. The cultural diagnostic method with the growth of pathogens on a selective DSM medium was fast enough, informative and convenient for the use in urban veterinary medicine clinics. It is especially effective for patients with an itch of unknown origin or other dermatological problems in order to exclude dermatomycoses. But the most significant for the diagnosis of Dermatophytosis is direct microscopy examining both scrapings from the affected skin directly and the material after growing the colonies on DSM media.