ПРОДОВОЛЬЧА БЕЗПЕКА ПОЛТАВСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ: СТАН, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ЕКСТРАПОЛЯЦІЯ

The essence of the concept of «food security» is studied. Theoretical and practical approaches to ensuring food security are studied. The general situation of food security of Ukraine is considered, the structure and features of its provision are determined. The general state and main aspects of the problems of food security of the Chernihiv region are disclosed and the main directions of its formation are determined. The main orientation of the regional organization of production and improvement of the living standard of the population is proposed, taking into account economic, socio-demographic and natural-climatic factors. It is determined that the theoretical features and regional structure of the agricultural sector of both Ukraine as a whole and Chernihiv region continue to be formed under the influence of the economic situation in the country. A diagnostic assessment of food security in the Chernihiv region was carried out. An analysis of the indicators of sufficiency of consumption of products of different groups in 2023 in the Chernihiv region is carried out. In particular, attention is paid to the main indicators that indicate the level of food security in the region. Scientific approaches to the development of a mechanism for ensuring food security by supporting domestic production have been expanded, namely, the introduction and support of organic production. According to statistics, in 2022, the area of land certified as organic or in transition in our region amounted to 3045.8 hectares, which is 12% less than in 2021 (0.22% of all arable land in the region). Producers of organic products grew 2502.7 tons of grain crops, including rye, oats, tritical, mustard, barley, buckwheat, etc. It is proved that organic production is one of the main directions of development of food security in the Chernihiv region. In particular, the priority strategy for sustainable development of the Chernihiv region for the period up to 2027 is the development of organic farming and the production of environmentally friendly food, one of the directions is the start of specialization of the Chernihiv region.

The reproduction process in agriculture is closely related to the agri-food market and ensuring the country’s food security. In modern literature, reproduction processes in agriculture are considered separately from the agri-food market, in turn, these concepts are interrelated. The development of the agri-food market and the level of food security set trends in the development of the reproduction process, and the conditions for the development of market relations, exports, imports and the current level of food security depend on the type of reproduction. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of reproduction process in the current situation on the meat market to assess the level of food security in Russia for meat products and to develop recommendations for the development of the meat market and the reproduction process in agriculture. Materials and methods. In this study, statistical methods were used to analyze reproduction and the situation on the meat market in terms of ensuring food security: descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, analysis of dynamic series. During the study, a method was used to determine the type of reproduction process, as well as a method for assessing the level of food security for meat products based on an assessment of supply and demand in the meat market. The data of official statistics at the federal and regional levels, as well as data from the reports of agricultural organizations, were used. Results. The presented methodology made it possible to determine the type of meat reproduction in the country, to assess the level of self-sufficiency and food security. The analysis of meat reproduction showed an expanded type. The average annual increase in meat production in natural units is about 5,0% over the period 2000-2020. The assessment of the availability of meat of own production showed an increase in the availability throughout the analyzed period and in 2020 reached the level of 100,1%. A decrease in dependence on imports (up to 5,8 %) and an increase in the share of exports (up to 5,4%) showed an optimal or sufficient level of food security (meat). Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: there is an expanded type of reproduction process in Russia; the growth of meat production contributes to the self-sufficiency of the population with meat; there is an increase in demand for meat products on the market, a decrease in imports and an increase in the level of food security of the country. Further increase in the level of food security is possible while maintaining an expanded type of reproduction process. This will allow us to constantly increase the volume of meat production and increase the volume of meat exports to other countries, including China. The provision of high-quality and affordable food to the population of the country contributes to the optimization of the social climate in society, which in modern times in stressful conditions (pandemics, closed borders, military operations, etc.) is mandatory to suppress and smooth out stressful, panic food purchases in the future. Ensuring an adequate level of food security is also paramount, since the state of socio- political and military security depends on its level.

Food security in Indonesia has become a central issue in agricultural development and national development. The problem of food and food security cannot be separated from the context of rice. This is because rice is a staple food consumed by almost all Indonesians. Thus, the availability of rice is an important factor in strengthening national food security. The level of national food security, regional food security must be followed by the achievement of the level of resilience of villages, households and individuals. The role and performance of rice agribusiness institutions are important in the effort to achieve household food security for rice farmers. The objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze the food security level of farmers household; 2) to identify the determinants of food security level; 3) identifying the level of food security with the institutional performance of rice agribusiness. The results of this study indicate that the level of household food security is categorized as food resistance, the determinants of the level of food security are influenced by the number of family members and the income of rice farming. The food resistance category was followed by the institutional performance of PT. Pusri is very good, PT. Pertani is good, Bank of BRI is good, and farmer group institutions are moderate.

Introduction. Food security issues are among the top priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Scientific research aimed at solving these issues has become particularly relevant after the introduction of a huge number of sanctions against our country, which also affected the agricultural sector. An assessment of food security is also required by noticeably accelerated inflation, which may lead to a decrease in the economic availability of food. The purpose of the study is to assess the food security of the subjects of the Volga Federal District on the basis of an integrated methodology. Materials and Methods. The information base was Rosstat data, as well as materials from reputable open sources. The assessment was carried out based on the latest published complete data on the indicators included in the methodology. The use of a critical approach and logical techniques made it possible to generalize well-known methods and develop an author's approach; the standardization method – to bring indicators reflecting different phenomena into a comparable form; structural analysis – to assess the level of self-sufficiency of the region with food, as well as the sufficiency and balanced nutrition of the population. The ranking method is to distribute regions according to the level of food safety. The originality of the proposed approach lies in taking into account the fundamental provisions of the Russian Food Security Doctrine, standardizing indicators, reflecting the structure of balanced nutrition, and accounting for excess consumption. Results. The assessment of food security according to the proposed methodology based on data for 2023 showed that the food security of the Russian Federation is ensured by 76 % (the main limiting factor is the low economic availability of food). The leader in the Volga Federal District is the Republic of Tatarstan, whose food safety is estimated at 80 % (the largest gap from the target was identified as nutrition). The top three also include the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Udmurt Republic (the final index is 0.78 of each, with constraints such as reduced economic accessibility in the first case and insufficient local production in the second). Completing the local ranking are Perm Territory (70 %, the main deterrent factor is a low level of self-sufficiency), Samara Region (67 %, the largest gap from the goal is the physical availability of food) and Saratov Region (67 %, the main deterrent factor is the low standard of living in the region). Discussion and Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that a unique methodology for assessing regional food security has been proposed and tested, which allows for quantitative measurement, and therefore ensures the conduct of inter-regional comparisons and analysis of dynamics. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by the possibility of their use in substantiating the decisions taken, and the proposed methodological approach in monitoring the food security of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The limitation in carrying out a quantitative assessment of regional food security is the specifics of the organization of state statistical accounting (the complete data required for this are published by Rosstat with a frequency of 1 every 2 years). In the course of constructive discussion on the pages of scientific journals, the methodology can be improved.

The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of Russian macroregions in terms of food security. A set of indicators allows assessing food security in three main areas: (1) food independence, (2) economic, and (3) physical availability of food. For all federal districts, we analyze the indicators of achieving food independence (self-sufficiency) with food (in the context of the main food groups), indicators of the availability of regional products following rational nutritional standards, indicators of satisfying physiological needs for food, and “poverty” ratios and the structure of household expenditures for food. The authors investigate the change in these indicators due to the import substitution policy of 2014–2018. A ranged number of Russian macroregions was built according to the level of food security. The authors conclude that the challenges to the food security of Russian regions geographically distant from the administrative center of the state (the Far Eastern Federal District in the first place) are high. The effectiveness of import substitution in these territories is low. The authors formulate proposals to improve food security in the Far Eastern Federal District. The regional Ministries of Agriculture can use the proposed methodology for analyzing the level of food security to express diagnostics of the agri-food market of the territory and formulating management decisions aimed at achieving and maintaining the level of food security that meets the goals and objectives of Russia in the context of sanctions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other geopolitical upheavals.KeywordsFood securityFood independenceAffordability of foodPhysical affordability of foodFood security indicators

Introduction. In recent years, the need to address global socio-economic problems has become acute. One of the most important and relevant is food security. Food security on a global scale is twofold. On the one hand, countries that suffer from food shortages and fight against hunger by all possible means, but on the other hand, others suffer from food surpluses or excessive food consumption and аре forced to fight the nation’s obesity. Assessment of the level of food security is revealed through a system of indicators that give a comprehensive description of its current state, structure, dynamics and trends. Indicators are the most important guidelines for food security and are especially relevant for the conduct of general economic policy and evaluation of its results. The level of food security of the state is analyzed with the help of evaluation indicators and criteria, which allows to use them in the formation of directions of development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of food security of Ukraine on the basis of a study of its condition and dynamics, indicators of availability and structure of consumption of basic food products.Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods was used: theoretical generalization - to determine the essence and content of the concept of «food security of the country»; statistical analysis - to assess the indicators of food security of Ukraine in accordance with their threshold values; comparison and grouping - to assess food safety indicators in the dynamics; retrospective analysis - for the study and comparative evaluation of food security indicators; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. The analysis of food security revealed that the current crisis is an opportunity to use new tools for the development of the agricultural sector. It is substantiated that food security plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the state. The content of food security of the country is determined on the basis of normative legal acts. It is emphasized that the global challenge to food security is the threat and spread of coronavirus, as the introduction of quarantine restrictions makes it difficult for people to access food. It has been proven that ensuring global food security in the face of the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic requires society to improve cooperation. Indicators characterizing the state of food security of Ukraine by the main groups of food products are clarified and evaluated. During 1990-2019, changes in the quality of the human diet with the main types of products were analyzed; daily energy value of human diet; economic availability of products; adequacy of grain stocks in state reserves; differentiation of the cost of food by social groups; capacity of the domestic market for certain types of products; food independence for a particular product. Based on the analysis, it was found that the human diet decreased consumption of milk and dairy products, fish and berries and increased consumption of potatoes and sugar. The maintenance of a high level of the share of food expenditures in the total consumer expenditures of the population of Ukraine is revealed, which limits the opportunities to meet socio-cultural needs. It is proved that in order to increase the level of food security of the country in the conditions of modern global challenges, it is expedient to balance the food security system in terms of evaluation criteria and indicators.Discussion. A promising area of research is the need to improve approaches to methodological assessment of food security in the segments of ensuring its strategic guidelines and strengthening in the face of growing global challenges.

Food security is an important guarantee for people's lives and national security, and digital transformation provides a new approach to improving the level of food security. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2021, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital transformation on food security using fixed effects model, mediation model, moderation model, and spatial Durbin model. The research results show that: (1) digital transformation has a promoting effect on the level of food security, and there is regional heterogeneity in this promoting effect; (2) digital transformation has a mediating effect on the level of food security, which can improve the level of food security by promoting technological innovation, agricultural scale management, and marketization levels; (3) environmental regulations play a positive moderating role in the process of digital transformation promoting the level of food security; (4) there is a spatial spillover effect of digital transformation on the level of food security, which has a positive spillover effect on surrounding areas. Therefore, moving forward, it is imperative that we prioritize the digital transformation of the entire food industry chain, promote the coordinated development of digital industries in various regions, further improve the R&D innovation capability of digital technology, promote the integration of farmland to achieve large‐scale agricultural operation, and enhance the level of marketization, and at the same time improve environmental monitoring standards, fully tap the promoting effect of digital transformation on regional food security level. [EconLit Citations: Q16, Q18, R15].

The paper focuses on the impact of food aid and governance quality (the latter disaggregated in different components) on both food and nutrition security in the SSA region and for a sample of 25 countries over the period 1996 to 2018. The main novelty and contribution of the paper in the relevant literature is by providing macro-level evidence in the SSA region to complement country-specific evidence in this research area. We also use different food and nutrition security outcome measures, which include the average value of food production, average dietary energy supply adequacy, and prevalence of undernourishment. Furthermore, we combine the above with the use of both aggregated and disaggregated governance indicators to examine the impact of governance quality on the outcome variables. We find evidence of a robust relationship between food aid, governance quality, and food and nutrition security outcomes by employing the GMM estimator. We also find that food aid increases food and nutrition security while it reduces undernourishment. Among the various governance quality indicators we have employed, the control of corruption and political stability show a significant relationship with the measured outcomes. However, the composite governance index and food aid jointly have no significant effect on food security, but they significantly increase nutrition security and reduce undernourishment across the various empirical models we have employed in our empirical analysis. An important policy lesson emanating from our empirical findings is that controlling corruption and maintaining political stability may have significant implications for enhancing the impact of food aid on food and nutrition security in the region.

Food security is a condition for the fulfillment of food for everyone, which is reflected in the availability of sufficient food. Household food security is influenced by many factors and varies between individuals and households. The need for animal food in Indonesia comes from several main types of products, namely ruminant meat, fish, and poultry. Public awareness of the importance of consuming healthy and nutritious animal protein has encouraged an increase in national fish consumption to 50 kg/capita/year in 2019. This study aims to identify food consumption patterns, calculate the share of food expenditure and identify the condition of the level of household food security and analyze the influence of factors such as the level of education of housewives, household age, household income, number of household members, climate change and the amount of fish consumption. On the level of household food security. The method used in this study is an observational method with a survey approach. The research was carried out in March 2021 in.Tayu District, Pati Regency. Sampling of respondents in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique in accordance with the intent or purpose of the researcher. The number of fishermen respondents was determined by a proportional random sampling approach of 125 respondents. The data in this study are primary and secondary data with data collection methods using survey methods and literature searches. The results showed that the average energy consumption of fishermen’s households in Tayu District, Pati Regency was 1,976.51 kcal/person/day and the average protein consumption was 51.03 g/person/day with the average energy consumption obtained from fish of 162.56 kcal/person/day and protein of 11.19 grams/person/day. The average total expenditure of fishermen’s households in Tayu District, Pati Regency was IDR 2,855,721 every month with details of the average total food expenditure was IDR 1,405,686 or 49.2% and the average non-food expenditure was IDR 1,450,035 or 50.8% every month. The condition of food security of fishermen’s households in Tayu District, Regency was classified in the food security category, which consists of 54.4% of the total number of respondents. Meanwhile, the food vulnerable category was 6.4% and food shortage was 39.2%. The factors that significantly affect the level of household food security are household income, number of household members, climate change and the amount of fish consumption while the education level of housewives and household age do not significantly affect the food security of fishermen’s households in the district of Tayu in Pati Regency.

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the characteristics of the regional grain supply and demand balance, reveal the influence mechanism of crop sustainable development, and put forward effective countermeasures to achieve the goal of food security. This paper aims at addressing the unique geographical characteristics of Northwest China and the current lack of research on its food security. This paper systematically analyzes the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional grain production, consumption and food security level. The main factors affecting regional food security are examined, and we put forward effective suggestions to promote regional sustainable production. The results show that the average annual growth rate of grain production in Northwest China from 2000 to 2021 was 3.4%, and the years of increased grain production accounted for 77.3%. The main reason for the increase in grain production was the increase in yield per unit area (average annual growth of 2.8%), of which the rice yield was the largest, up to 7.3 t/ha. Maize and wheat accounted for 60.7% and 23.4% of the total grain production in the region, respectively. From the perspective of the regional structure, Inner Mongolia contributed the most to the grain production in the region, accounting for 33.5% of the total output. Xinjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai contributed 17.1%, 15.4%, 15.2%, 13.0%, 4.5% and 1.3%, respectively, to grain production. From the perspective of the dietary structure, the grain consumption pattern in Northwest China has gradually changed from raw grains to animal products, which has undoubtedly increased the regional demand for grain. At present, since the increase in output is greater than the demand for food, the food self-sufficiency rate in the region has increased from 0.81 to 1.28. Since the grain yield per unit area in Xinjiang and Ningxia has a relative advantage over other provinces, to achieve regional food security for a long time, moderately increasing the grain planting area in these two provinces will help to promote regional food security. In addition, as the grains produced in the region are mainly wheat and corn, the yield level of wheat and corn in Xinjiang and Qinghai has a comparative advantage within Northwest China. Therefore, moderately increasing the planting area of wheat and corn in Xinjiang and Qinghai is of great significance in ensuring regional food security. The research results can provide theoretical support for the realization of regional food security and provide a reference for other regions in the world, to better serve global food security.

Food commodities play a very important role in food security and the sustainability of people's lives in Indonesia, especially in South Lampung Regency. South Lampung Regency has the potential for food development, especially rice. One way to improve food security is to regenerate the main actors who are currently entering old age with the younger generation. Who has very high energy and likes a challenge. This study aims to (1) analyze the level of motivation of the young generation and the level of food security in South Lampung Regency, (2) analyze the factors that influence the level of motivation of the younger generation in rice farming on the level of food security either directly or indirectly. This research method uses descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results showed that: (1) the level of the young generation in South Lampung Regency is in the high category and the level of food security of the young generation in South Lampung Regency is in the medium category, (2) The role of agricultural extension workers and the availability of production facilities have a direct and indirect effect on the level of household food security, while the cosmopolitan level, land area, and the level of motivation of the younger generation in rice farming have a direct effect on the level of household food security.

Ensuring food security is the main issue in solving socio-political problems. The severity and scale of poor-quality nutrition of the world's population are justified by socio-economic factors, which allows us to understand the directions of its solution. Uncontrolled food production and consumption can lead to a catastrophe for humanity. In modern conditions of high uncertainty on world markets in general, on food markets in particular, the intensification of global problems such as climate change and the spread of the pandemic, as well as the conditions in which Russia is placed today in international trade and economic relations, the problem of food security is becoming more urgent than ever before. Food security is one of the strategic components of the national security of the state, the provision of which is defined as the main priority of the agrarian policy of Russia. Only the development of own production will ensure food independence. Of particular importance is the achievement of the maximum level of food security of the country as a result of the substitution of imports of critically important food, as well as everything necessary for their production. Agriculture and the food industry play a decisive role in ensuring food security. The consequences of the pandemic have affected the provision of regional and national food security: the problem of economic accessibility of food has worsened due to a sharp drop in consumer incomes and rising unemployment; the culture of food consumption has changed; a shortage of food has formed, artificially created by consumers themselves due to the general hype; the stop of active export-import operations due to the closure of borders It has led to the complication of logistics chains and a sharp increase in food prices. Within the framework of the study, the scientific and educational component of ensuring global, national and regional food security was studied: the main problems in the field of vocational training and retraining of specialists of processing industries in new crisis conditions were identified, a list of promising areas for the development of scientific directions with subsequent application of the results in the agro-industrial complex industry, as well as the necessary technologies for deep processing of food raw materials needed to increase the level of regional and national food security. A number of recommendations are proposed to ensure effective interaction of scientific, scientific and educational organizations, enterprises of the real sector of the economy and the administration of the Voronezh region.

Food security is a condition in which food is fulfilled at the individual level. One of the activities that has contributed to food security and can be carried out by the community at the household level in Malang Regency is by utilizing land in the yard to be used as agricultural land. Food security that is guaranteed at the national or regional level does not always reflect food security at the household level. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the level of food security at the household level separately. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the level of household food security of the farmers of yard-based agricultural activities and the contribution of yard-based agricultural activities to household sector food security in Malang Regency. The analysis method used in this study is the Jonsson and Toole indicator to measure the level of household food security. The variables used to measure the level of food security are adult equivalent calorie uptake (TKE) and food expenditure share (PPP). The research results showed that the level of food security of the farmers of yard-based agricultural activities in Malang Regency was 53.57% under food security conditions. In addition, the yard-based agricultural activities carried out by the community have contributed to food security by 1,620,922.60 kcal (13.66%) to the accumulated household calorie uptake of the farmers of yard-based land utilization activities in Malang Regency, 37.98% to reducing the cost of shopping for household food needs, and IDR 362,531 to additional household income.

The advantages and limitations of algorithms and tools for supporting the procedure for assessing the level of regional food security based on a cognitive approach based on the construction of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) are considered. The results of the analysis of basic problems that are effectively solved using the mathematical apparatus of FCM research and problems that arise in this case are presented. The functional capabilities of tools that support the procedure for assessing the level of food security are analyzed. The article presents a method for recurrent construction of NC by consistently adding new concepts and re-evaluating the value of their mutual influence by experts. Recommendations on the choice of tools for solving the problem of assessing the level of regional food security, taking into account a number of economic and organizational groups of factors, are presented.

BackgroundFood security in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region of Eastern Africa is affected by a complex interplay of climatic and non-climatic factors. This study explores the major determinants of food security in the region, including extreme climate events (droughts and floods), land use, population growth, food production, market dynamics, and political and economic stability.MethodsThe study employed a combination of descriptive and analytical approaches. Climatic data were derived from CHIRPS (1981–2023) to assess drought and flood patterns using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Non-climatic data, including population statistics, land availability, food production, trade data, and price trends, were sourced from FAOSTAT. The graphical data illustration, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the temporal patterns and relationships between food security determinants and outcomes such as cereal production, food prices, and undernourishment.ResultsFindings reveal that droughts and extreme wet conditions significantly impact food security outcomes across IGAD countries. Rainfall and arable land showed the strongest positive correlation with cereal production. However, despite vast land resources, countries like Sudan and South Sudan have not fully utilized their agricultural potential. Population growth, unbalanced trade policies, and limited investment in agriculture contribute to high food prices and undernutrition. The correlation analysis indicates that economic stability and population dynamics are key influencers of food production and accessibility. Urban–rural population imbalances and policy gaps further exacerbate food insecurity risks.ConclusionThis study highlights the urgent need for a multi-sectoral and regionally coordinated approach to enhance food security in the IGAD region. Strategies should focus on climate-resilient agriculture, sustainable land management, inclusive economic policies, and food system innovations. Regional cooperation, targeted investments, and context-specific policy interventions are essential to reduce vulnerability and achieve sustainable food security.