Перспективи розвитку глобальних ланцюгів поставок контейнерними суднами

Abstract

The article proves that sea transportation is considered to be the most important vehicle in the world that can promote international trade. It is emphasized that the basic principle of container work has not changed, despite the increase in the size of ships and terminals and the gradual increase in the productivity of container handling. The imbalance in trade flows, capacity constraints make it difficult to realize all the benefits of tariffing. The purpose of the work is to consider the prospects for the development of linear shipments by container vessels and the problems arising in the course of their activity. It is emphasized that the container system is slowly reaching maturity in market conditions, when freight has become the most volatile and costly component of many supply networks and logistics operations. It has been proven that logistics managers have to deal with risks in terms of supply chains, so the issue of reliability and capacity building has become a critical factor along with cost studies. It has been found that terminal capacity shortages can open up prospects for new cargo routing models. The basic tendencies of development of linear container transportations are established and the problems that require the solution are identified. It has been established that prudent management of the container system is a prerequisite for the sustainable deployment of container concepts in global supply chains over the long term. Coexistence of different types of networks in one trade route has been proven to provide flexibility in routing options, and is likely to reduce network synchronization problems and address vulnerabilities in an era of increased graph unreliability. It has been found that the growth of environmental and social problems related to the development of terminals has led to great delays in bringing new capacity to the market. The continued development of gateway regions with many ports will become an increasingly important element in both the flexibility and speed of serving global supply networks. It is emphasized that regionally the process of integration between maritime and inland transport systems will lead to the emergence of a number of penetration and modal shift strategies (rail or barge), where each mode of transport is used most efficiently in cost and time. Port regionalization has been identified as a key concept for managing the interconnection between ports and inland freight distribution centers. Although significant geographical variations may develop worldwide, the regionalization phase will in all cases bring the prospect of port development beyond the perimeter of the port.