Особенности семейно-брачных отношений в позднесредневековом суфизме

Abstract

The article highlights the issue of the institution of the family and family and marriage relations in the late medieval Transoxiana (Maverannahr) narrative sources in the Lives of Muslim saints (manakibs) of the 16th century. In the late medieval period, despite the relative predominance of asceticism, in most cases, family ties began to play an important role in the life of the Sufis. However, strict adherence to the family spiritual heritage was not always respected by successors. Due to the peculiarities of the perception of life by Sufis, the death of one of the children of a Sufi could be perceived as an insignificant event, especially if the deceased during his lifetime did not show much zeal for Sufi ideals. During this period, polygamy spread among the Sufis, so there could be many heirs claiming some part of the spiritual or material heritage of the sheikh. Many women associated physically or spiritually with Sufi circles dedicate their lives to sincere service to the ideals of Sufism. On the other hand, women, especially young ones, are the most vulnerable group of society, including among the Sufis. They could easily become the subject of an offering (niyyaz) to some famous Sufi sheikh, regardless of the age of the latter. Often such "live gifts" sadly ended their lives. Judging by the manakibs that have come down to us, some famous Sufis made obscene remarks about women. These statements in the context of the moral atmosphere of that time were perceived as ordinary and did not cause any condemnation.