Изучение детского рисунка как явления художественной культуры

Abstract

Background. Currently, there is a contradiction between the high guidelines of psychological and pedagogical science for the creative development of each student in the lessons of art disciplines and the traditional academic orientation of art curricula. It raises questions about the orientation of children to participate in competitions that require mental stress from the child, are held within a time frame for which it is impossible to create a meaningful work worthy of the author who is a subject of culture. The solution to the problem should be sought in referring to the historical experience of art pedagogy, when creativity of children was studied as a phenomenon of artistic culture, while the child was perceived as a participant in the cultural process. Objective. The aim is to reveal the method of studying children's drawing as a phenomenon of artistic culture. This method has been tested and reflected in scientific research and the results of children's artistic creativity during the period between years 1910 and 1920. Methods. Analysis of psychological, pedagogical and cultural literature on the problem, comparative comprehensive analysis of the results of artistic education and methodological documents. Results. The psychological and pedagogical value is shown. The collection of children's drawings formed by A.V. Bakushinsky and his colleagues during their work at the State Academy of Art Sciences (1921–1929), which is now part of the International Collection of Children’s Drawings of the Institute of Art Education and Cultural Studies of RAE, as part of his psychological and pedagogical heritage, is introduced into scientific circulation. The methods of systematization, description, study of children's creativity, analysis and generalization of the results of artistic development from the standpoint of artistic culture, psychology and pedagogy of his time are revealed. Conclusion. The research of A.V. Bakushinsky and his students represents an ideal model of a scientifically based system of aesthetic education aimed at development of an artistic culture of a person capable of creative invention in the field of a chosen area.