Лексичний рівень у лінгвістичній (семантико-текстуальній) експертизі

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to define the concept of the lexical level in linguistic (semantic and textual) expertise, to highlight the need for and propose the creation of an explanatory dictionary on a specific topic. Semantic and textual expertise solves the tasks of establishing the content of concepts, the lexical meaning of words or phrases used in the texts or oral communications provided for the study, their stylistic coloring, semantic load, and the nature of the information contained therein. The objects of such examination are the products of speech activity recorded in writing. The subject of this type of research is factual data that have in their structure statements that encourage certain actions (speech constructions). The lexical level is a key element of analysis in linguistic (semantic and textual) expertise, which helps to understand the text and its possible interpretations. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics that studies the word as the basic unit of language and the vocabulary of the language – the lexicon. The lexical meaning of a word is the real, subject-conceptual content of the word, which is expressed by the base or root. The lexical level in linguistic (semantic and textual) expertise is one of the main stages of text analysis to determine its meaning. In connection with the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the demand for linguistic (semantic and textual) expertise has increased in judicial practice. Typical forensic examinations appointed during the investigation of collaboration activities are forensic semantic and textual examinations – in 41 criminal proceedings (27.3% of cases). Therefore, it is important to create a special explanatory dictionary by linguists together with lawyers.