Конкурентоспроможність національної економіки в умовах структурних змін

Abstract

The article researches the competitiveness of the national economy in conditions of structural changes, the article’s further aim is to define the strengths and weaknesses of the national economy. Based on the carried out analysis of the Global competitiveness index, it is determined that in 2021, in terms of global competitiveness, Ukraine returned to the level of 2013 and took the 54th position among 64 countries. During the period of 2015–2018, the relative stability of Ukraine’s position at the 59th place is observed, in 2019 and 2021 the country demonstrates an increase in rating positions. The analysis of the rating’s components of the ranking indicates that Ukraine’s low position in the global competitiveness ranking in 2021 is due to insufficient economic development. After all, Ukraine occupies the 54th position according to the element «economic indicators». At this, the highest-rated indicator corresponds to the element «business efficiency» (the 50th position in the ranking). It should be noted that it was possible to improve the position regarding the element «infrastructure», according to which Ukraine took the 51st place, while in 2020 it was the 54th position. It is determined that the modern global environment is characterized by a significant level of digitization of all spheres of life activities. The analysis of the country’s competitiveness from the point of view of the use of information and communication technologies is carried out on the basis of the Index of digital competitiveness of countries, which consists of three sub-indices: knowledge; technologies; readiness for the future. It is revealed that for the period 2012–2021, Ukraine had the highest ranking position on the «knowledge» indicator compared to other components and in 2021 took the 37th position, thus improving its ranking compared to the previous period. At the same time, according to the components «technology» and «readiness for the future», the positions in the ranking are approximately the same. The weaknesses and strengths of Ukraine’s competitiveness are highlighted. Among the weaknesses that do not allow Ukraine to take a leading place in the international ranking of digital competitiveness are significant investment risks, an insufficient level of intellectual property protection and the present level of cyber security. Strengths include: providing opportunities to start and develop one’s own business, relatively high Internet speed, e-democracy and high quality of education.