Развитие зеленой экономики в России: правовой аспект

Abstract

The article proves that green economy is a new economic and legal concept that involves the use of not only legal prohibitions and restrictions but also economic incentives to increase the efficiency of the use of natural resources, the development of technologies, the growth of environmental investments, which will reduce anthropogenic pressure on the state of Russian ecosystems and ensure the growth of the well-being of citizens. The development of green economy in the Russian Federation requires a set of economic, organizational and legal measures, among which the following should be highlighted: 1) economic incentives for building green economy in Russia (development of a mechanism for financing environmental projects; development of a system for trading carbon units in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; introduction of elements of a circular economy in order to reduce the formation and improve the processing of production and consumption waste; elimination of objects of accumulated environmental harm). 2) it is necessary to increase the role and importance of the system of civil law contracts for the implementing the tasks of building a green economy in Russia (environmental insurance contracts, environmental audit, provision of services in ecological tourism, etc.). Of particular importance is the stimulation of public-private partnerships for the transition to the green standards. 3) it is necessary to identify the main directions of implementation of green economy standards in certain spheres of human activity (legal regulation of the features of the transition to a green economy in industry, construction, communications, transport, energy, agriculture). 4) the introduction of green economy standards to ensure the rational use and protection of natural objects (forests, waters, lands, subsoil, wildlife and atmospheric air). In its turn, this will bring us closer to solving the problems of climate protection and the ozone layer. Special attention should be paid to the introduction of green economy standards for the development of certain territories with a special environmental and legal regime. The guarantees (conditions for the implementation) of these measures should be the attraction of environmental investments, reforming the system of environmental governance bodies, raising the level of environmental and legal culture (which is especially important for creating a demand for environmental goods and services, for example, organic farming products or ecotourism), the development of environmental entrepreneurship, the growth of the tax burden on "environmentally dirty" industries, the development of a system of benefits and loans for introduction of environmental technologies, increasing green procurement. The implementation of these measures will also contribute to the solution of several economic and social problems (an increase in the number of green jobs, living standards, etc.). The author declares no conflicts of interests.